Exploitation of Imagery in The Dead and Araby by James Joyce

James Joyce, the author of both â€Å"Araby† and â€Å"The Dead,† exploits a sense of imagery throughout both short stories. â€Å"Araby† and â€Å"The Dead† both share and differ from each other in the ways the imagery is shown. The vivid imagery in â€Å"Araby† is applied to express feelings and expressions from one character to another. The main character, an unnamed boy, has an undying admiration for Mangan’s sister. James Joyce describes the boy’s obsession with Mangan’s sister in vast imagery. â€Å"The Dead† also includes many senses of imagery, but shows kinesthetic imagery rather than vivid imagery. Kinesthetic imagery is an imagery that is portrayed through the movement and physical tension. In â€Å"The Dead,† Gabriel, the main character, dislikes the country of Ireland he lives in, so he flees. Throughout this, Gabriel describes how Ireland is boring and cold, displaying kinesthetic imagery. â€Å"The Dead† and â€Å"Araby† both include vivid imagery, kinesthetic imagery, and auditory imagery. Vivid imagery can be seen all throughout â€Å"Araby.† Vivid imagery is detailed writing that gives you a sense of an image while you read. The story begins with â€Å"North Richmond Street, being blind, was a quiet street† and continues to say, â€Å"An uninhabited house of two storeys stood at the blind end, detached from its neighbours in a square ground. The other houses of the street, conscious of decent lives within them, gazed at one another with brown imperturbable faces† (â€Å"Araby† 1019). The way this imagery is used showsShow MoreRelatedEssay on James Joyces Araby3507 Words   |  15 PagesJames Joyces Araby I doubt there are book logs that commence with a note directing a reader, specifically you, even though I get the impression from Mr. Little to whom riding between pairs of glasses suggesting that in order to gather a bounty against my beloved head I must be obliged to fathoming on how to receive topic sentences with cradling arms and craters of dimples (have to love formalities, even of those lolling head-stumps, after all, it keeps NATO all trite

Defining Politics and Democracy Essay - 1572 Words

Defining Politics and Democracy The word Politics is derived from the Greek word for city-state, Polis. Corporate, religious, academic and every other polity, especially those constrained by limited resources, contain dominance hierarchy and therefore politics. Politics is most often studied in relation to the administration of governments. Politics is the process and method of gaining or maintaining support for public or common action. Although it is generally applied to governments, politics is also observed in all human group interactions including corporate, academic, and religious. Political science is the study of political behavior and examines the acquisition and application of†¦show more content†¦Karl Marx sees politics as merely the orgainised power of one class for oppressing another while Kate Millett sees politics as power-structured relationships,arrangements whereby one grop of persons is contolled by another. This shows how different people feel about politics and it shows that everyone has a differnt view on what politics means. My view is that politics is how different parties believe the county should be run, how different political views change how different people feel on politics, e.g. The old labour party had the views for the working man and the unions, and the conservatives was for the business man, but now the new labour party has the same views as the conservatives, making it almost impossible to tell the difference between the parties. This is called Convergence. There are many political parties in Britain but throughout the whole of England, there are three dominant political parties : Labour, Conservatives and Liberal Democrats. These are expanded on in the regions by the addition of the Scottish National Party in Scotland, Plaid Cymru in Wales and the various Unionist parties and Sein Fein of Northern Ireland. In terms of electoral success, Britain has frequently been referred as a two-party state; similar to America. In termsShow MoreRelated Americas Democracy Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesAmericas Democracy The United States of America is a republic, or representative democracy. Democracy, a word that comes to us from Greek, literally means the people rule (Romance, July 8). This broad definition leaves unanswered a few important details such as who are the people, how shall they rule, and what should they rule on (July 8). Defining the answers to those questions means defining a model for a democratic system. William E. Hudson defines four such models in his book American DemocracyRead MoreExploring the Differences Between Liberal Democratic, Authoritarian and Totalitarian Political Systems1246 Words   |  5 PagesDemocratic, Authoritarian and Totalitarian Political Systems Defining political systems is a difficult thing to do as no single system is completely static, they often change dependant on things like war and trends in regimes, such as the recent insurgence in ‘liberal democracies’ means that the classifications of systems changes over time. The British Westminster system is considered to be a ‘liberal democracy’ however in the Second World War there were several powers exercisedRead Moreâ€Å"Democracy Is Popularly Conceived As Government Of The1547 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Democracy is popularly conceived as government of the people, for the people and by the people† (Hassan, 2003). The term is used to describe a political process by which all citizens and the nation have a direct involvement in the creation of running a country and creating the policies within it. Evidently it can be argued that political apathy is a serious threat to democracy directly. Contradictory to this representative democracy selects applicable individuals to allow them to be a voice forRead MoreDoes Religion Foster Democracy?1383 Words   |  6 PagesDoes religion foster democracy? This question has plagued many political scientists for decades. Carsten Ancker examines the theories of Samuel P. Huntington in her work â€Å"Religion and Democracy: A Worldwide Comparison.† In 1991, Huntington hypothesized that religion led to the institutionalization of democracy, especially Christianity. Huntington referenced the rise of democracies in the 70’s tha t were related to the spread of religion as well as earlier, when Protestantism was popular. In his bookRead MoreThe Status of Democracy in Thailand1626 Words   |  6 Pagesinvolved with politics, since then politics affairs not only belong to politicians or the ruler. As people have more participation in government’s projects, they started to challenge politicians and even the government and divided into two political movement groups: National United Front of Democracy against Dictatorship (UDD) as known as The Red shirt group and People’s Alliance for the Democracy (PAD) as known as The Yellow shirt group. It is ironic that both groups claim for democracy while theyRead More Communitarianism vs. Cosmopolitanism Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesNormative Theories of Politics - Contrasting Cosmopolitan and Communitarian Approaches When looking at normative theories of politics, the main distinction is between cosmopolitanism and communitarianism. In this essay the term community shall refer to political communities, or more specifically, states. It is important to note that these political communities have been defined territorially, and not necessarily by culture, although this is taken for granted to an extent by communitarianismRead MoreNationalism and Democracy Essay1166 Words   |  5 Pageshorrors caused by nationalism seem to be at the opposite end of the spectrum from the promising ideal of democracy. As Ghia Nodia pointed out, many analysts view nationalism as â€Å"fundamentally antidemocratic† (3). What these anti-nationalists fail to realize is that nationalism has also called force heroism and even sacrifice throughout history. Numerous people have risked their lives to restore democracy and civil rights in their nations, when they could easily have chosen comfortable exile elsewhere.Read MoreModern Democratic Governments 920 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the Economist Intelligence Unit’s Democracy index map for 2012, nearly half of the world’s population was living under democratic governments. Democracy is spreading throughout the world, although growth has slowed, and many nations have drawn their political inspiration from the United States of America, which was one of the first to govern under a constitutional republic in the modern era. One of the more unique features of our government, which other countries have attempted to adoptRead MoreThe Key Characteristics Of Lasswell s Policy Orientation1591 Words   |  7 Pages ‘Policy Dismantling’ by Andrew Jordan, Michael W. Bauer and Christoffer Green-Pedersen, and lastly Nick Turnbull’s ‘Harold lasswell’s â€Å"problem orientation† for the policy sciences’. As per a literature review I will begin by first outlining the defining characteristics of L asswell’s policy orientation, then providing a summary of the four identified articles, after which a comparison and contrast will occur respective to each characteristic outlined. One of the aforementioned characteristics ofRead MoreThe Political System Of Democracy Essay1697 Words   |  7 Pagessystem of Democracy that has existed since the days of ancient Greece. When applied to the United States of America, two forms of Democracy are presented that clash together in their principles. This is of course, Elite Democracy and Popular Democracy. Through the analysis of the process of the Electoral College, the actions of politically charged people, and various reforms throughout history, we can see how Popular Democracy pales in comparison to the superior philosophy of Elite Democracy. Before

Winston Smith The Protagonist English Literature Essay free essay sample

Its the twelvemonth 1984, at least believes Winston Smith, the supporter of the narrative. He can non be certain its because he lives in a entire surveillance province and the party, which constitutes about 15 % of the population, controls the yesteryear. Winston himself works in the Ministry of Truth, where he does nil all twenty-four hours other than newspaper studies, books and other paperss of historical events of the vision of the party adapt. The party, at the caput of Big Brother is controlled non merely the yesteryear but besides the day-to-day life of all the dwellers of Oceania ( besides Eurasia and East Asia is one of the three world powers of the universe ) . Besides the Ministry of Truth, which deals with the use of the past, there are three other ministries. The Ministry of Peace, which is responsible for the war propaganda, the Ministry of Plenty, whose legal power is the economic system, and the Ministry of Love, which takes attention of felons and treasonists. The occupants are for good monitored by tele screens and so there is no minute in which they can non be controlled. There is even a thought constabulary, which monitors the ideas of people and each gaining controls that revolutionary or diverting from the party line entertains ideas. The party is besides seeking to present a new linguistic communication called Newspeak cut down the vocabulary of the people so drastically that they can perpetrate no more thought offenses. The remainder of day-to-day life is marked by the party. In the forenoon the dismay goes off for all occupants who need the same clip to work, at the same clip, all must take part in an age-appropriate fittingness plan, occupants are non allowed to me to turn to Mr. or Mrs. but merely with PAL and it is regulated as much money on apparels and may be issued for nutrient. In add-on, efforts to destruct the party and the sex thrust and enjoyment of sex. This is done foremost by the Anti Sex League, which already trie d to educate kids harmonizing to this rule. On the other manus, no two people who love each other do non get married. It may merely be married if there is no hazard that the two could hold fun in sex. Sexual activity is intended for the production of immature party. The greatest opposition of the party, the Brotherhood, which is led by Emmanuel Goldstein, a former party member. Goldstein is the enemy of the party and every twenty-four hours in the alleged hatred minute of all the dwellers of Oceania hated to command the party. However, it is possible that Goldstein and the Brotherhood do non be but was invented by the game as come-on for possible revolutionists. Winston is one of those secret revolutionists. He is among those who still have memories of the clip before the revolution and the coup detat of the party, and hence knows that agree non all that tells the party can. Add to this is his occupation where he has to distort information on a day-to-day footing. Winston harbors a great hatred for the party and this can run free in his manner illicitly maintaining a journal. In add-on, he often visited the slums of the labor, where he is expected to pass non truly. These foraies and besides in his day-to-day work he notices a adult female who follows him ever. First, he believes that she is a undercover agent of the Thought Police, but one twenty-four hours she put him unnoticed to a note that says: I love you. The two attempt to take in the impact, demand to make this in secret, without the tele-screens to enter this. Since this is really hard, they can run into merely seldom. Since them, the non plenty, they rent a room in the slums that has apparently no tele screen. There, they meet on a regular basis, have sex and enjoy life. Julia can rally staff of life, tea and java and jam ( what else may take merely the highest party members themselves ) . In add-on, her make-up and puts on female apparels something she may neer make, for all members of the party must have on bluish overalls. Winston and Julia combines the hatred against the Party and the cognition to arise by her matter in the little against the game. Winston has long been suspected that OBrien might be an employee at the Ministry of Truth, besides an opposition of the party. Winston as this to be invited into her house, the instance for it is clear. Winston takes Julia to OBrien, and with this comes across as a member of the Brotherhood. Perform a brief conversation in which Julia and Winston swear to make everything for the Brotherhood to harm the party. In the undermentioned yearss, they will have the book The theory and pattern of oligarchical Bolshevism that Emmanuel Goldstein said to hold written. Winston is on fire and began to read in a rented room. Julia besides is on board and the two talk about how they want to harm the party. They know that they can travel with it in great danger and even as they talk about is her room surrounded by the thought constabulary, and the two were arrested. The l andlord is a member of the Thought Police, and has watched them all the clip. Winston has lived through imprisonment in the Ministry of Love. He is questioned, tortured and tormented. With great hurting he confesses everything, including Acts of the Apostless he did non commit. He loses path of clip and his physical status is deteriorating. The anguish evolved over clip into a brainwashing that tries to be, Winston change overing to a party member. This is done by OBrien, who, as he explains Winston belongs to the party leading and non for brotherhood. OBrien explains that the party killing anyone who is non a party member with full strong belief. They would change over every treasonist and so kill. In long treatments with OBrien and many agonising hours of anguish Winston begins to recognize that he has no other pick, but to subject to the party. From this minute on he will be treated better, no longer tortured and acquire more to eat. What the party but so far at large, is the fact that Winston in his bosom hates the party still hopes that he is able, at the minute in which he is killed, the whole hatred to allow run free. But before that happens, it will be the undoing of a dream in which he cries out for Julia. OBrien sees this as cogent evidence that Winston still loves Julia and non the party and Big Brother. For this ground, Winston is brought into the room 101, where each captive waits on his personal worst thought. In Winston, these are rats. Out of sheer terror, he begs to be allowed to hold the penalty Julia. The party has reached its end, Winston betrayed Julia and his opposition was broken. As a effect, Winston is released. He did a hapless occupation, trades with a batch of cheat and imbibing big sums of intoxicant every twenty-four hours. He meets by opportunity one time once more to Julia and in conversation, he finds out that she has betrayed him. The two discover that the party has destroyed their feelings for each other. Winston gimmick yourself, and as he was falling to the propaganda of the party, when he and the remainder of the population follows the bogus war records of the party. The book ends with a vision of decease of Winston, in which he sees himself as he is murdered by the thought constabulary, but before even confesses his love for Big Brother. Fictional character Analysis Winston Smith: Winston ( 39 ) lived prior to the coup detat of the party and therefore can retrieve how it was earlier. He recognizes this ground many prevarications of the party and in his hate of the party is turning every twenty-four hours. With the authorship of the diary and the visit of the residential countries of the labor, which he believes that they are the lone 1s who could convey the party, he rebels against the party. When he meets Julia, he is fascinated by her and loves her. Can non get married the two, the Winston is still married to his married woman. The matrimony with her was pure horror for Winston, because she was the most model member of the party that you could conceive of. When Winston so gets the book by Emmanuel Goldstein in the fingers, they blossom. He can non wait to be portion of the opposition and to take action against the party. Winston is smart, sees through the intrigues of the party and is concerned for the hereafter of society non as Julia. Julia: Julia ( 26 ) strongly disagrees with the party non so for a different ground, nevertheless. She is non concerned for the public assistance of society as Winston, but keeps to himself. You want to enjoy every minute and enjoy. Julia is a really emotional individual and for them it s something from the largest to good nutrient, makeup and have sex. A reading of Emmanuel Goldstein s book tells her anything. While Winston reads to her from it, she has even fallen asleep. Julia, the age of 16 had sex for the first clip and has since been slept with many party members, is committed to a theoretical account for the party. She wants to alter the system, but she wants to lead on the party and live a 2nd, emotionally charged life. Obrien: Belongs to the high members of the party and has been instructed by her in order to run down a treasonist and condemnable ideas. He is highly expert has a wealth of cognition and can stand for the positions of the party in any state of affairs. As Winston experiences in imprisonment, OBrien wrote the book purportedly written by Goldstein of brotherhood with other party members. Compared to Julia and Winston OBrien gave himself out as a member of the Brotherhood in order to entice them. He plays his function highly cagey and has succeeded. ( Fba

Should Animals be used in Medical Research

Table of Contents Introduction Thesis Antithesis Synthesis Conclusion References Introduction No one can negate the fact that medical research is in deed very important in the field of medicine. It generally represents various types of researches like applied, transactional or basic research that are usually carried out with a main aim of supporting knowledge present in the field of medicine.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Should Animals be used in Medical Research? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conducting medical research may involve use of animals, simulations on computers and experiments conducted with cells as well as other organs and tissues. However, the most common type of research involves use of animals since they have been used for many years. This is due to the fact that some animals are similar to human beings in several ways and therefore they can be used effectively to conduct some of the ne cessary steps and procedures in medicine. However, the practice has raised considerable debate about the correctness of using animals for medical research due to moral and ethical implications of the same. Some people feel that use of animals should be banned while others feel that the practice ought to continue. Therefore, this paper shall critically analyze the question whether animals should be used for medical research. Thesis As much as it is a controversial topic, there are many reasons that support the use of animals in medical research. To begin with, benefits that the human fraternity has benefited with due to use of animals in research need no further emphasis. The research has accomplished much in the scientific field since scientists have been using animals to test their theories and alter the same in accordance to the results obtained. No one can actually stand and declare that they have not benefited from animal research and if not so, people closely related to them ma y have reaped a lot of benefits from the same. A lot of the vaccines and the antibiotics that are being used currently have resulted from the animal research. The practice can be termed as a life saver because many lives are saved every day by the practice. Scientists use animals to test new medications as well as new treatment procedures like surgery since many animals are almost like human beings and respond to medicine and other forms treatments in similar ways. It is therefore possible to use animals while testing the dangers and the toxicity of new drugs and by so doing; it is possible to protect human beings from the dangers that can emanate from the use of such drugs. Anyone who can figure out the dangers of using medicine without testing the reaction of the same cannot possibly oppose the use of animals in medical research. The main reason of the practice is to ensure the safety of human beings in all circumstances which is equally important as preserving life.Advertising Looking for essay on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Human life is very important and should be preserved at all costs. Medical research not only allows treatment procedures to be carried out, but it also enables researchers to come up with vaccines that are used for prevention purposes. Disease prevention is very important because were it not for vaccines that have been developed, many lives would have been wiped out by the diseases that are present in the world. A study of history indicates that before current developments in the medical field, some disease outbreaks used to cause death to a very large group of people in a population. That causes big loses in every country as human resource is an important asset of each and every country. In addition, it has been possible to develop vaccines that have helped to eradicate some dangerous diseases like small pox and measles in some countries. Apart from the innumerable b enefits of the practice, animals that are used for the practice are treated with dignity to avoid violating their rights. According to the studies of National Institutes of Health (n. d.), Congress and Public Health Service has contributed greatly to ensure that animals used for research are treated in a humane way. They have set laws and regulations as well as the necessary policies to safeguard animals. For instance, there is always a guide that stipulates the type of environment that each and every animal requires as well as the type of the care necessary. It therefore does not make much sense to say that use of animals in research is unethical as there are measures which are already established to prevent any unethical treatment (Prate, 2002). Antithesis On the other hand, use of animals for medical research is not only hurtful but also not necessary. However, it is important to note that the fact that it is not necessary means that there are other alternatives of conducting med ical research and does knot negate the fact that human life is important and should be protected at all costs. Although the alternatives methods may not give the same results as animal tests, there is a high possibility that with some developments the same can become beneficial and eliminate the trouble of using animals. If more research was carried, cell culture studies and computers can be used effectively although the results may not be as reliable as results of animal studies. Animals like human beings feel pain and therefore, given that there are a wide range of procedures carried in medical research, they are exposed to so much pain. Although it is possible to minimize pain by use of anesthesia, scientists are always reluctant to do so because they argue that it can interfere with the results.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Should Animals be used in Medical Research? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As mu ch as there are some guidelines that are given to make sure that animals used for testing are treated in a humane way, exposing them to so much pain is the main disadvantage of the practice identified by the animal advocates as studies of Algoe (2010) indicate. Apart from pain, procedures used in animal research are dangerous and pose great risk to animals. For instance, it is true that, animals are used to test new medicines before they are released in to the market. Some of these medicines end up harming the animals as they may contain dangerous side effects. On the same note, since animals are used even in testing cosmetics, studies of Algoe (2010) illustrate that rabbits used to test the effects of the cosmetics and other skin products are usually killed after the research. Animals are also used to test the effect of corrosive chemicals and acids. During these painful tests, animals are not given any pain relief for the same reason of avoiding any interference with the results. Further studies illustrate that the Environmental Protection Agency requires that pesticides be tested first on dogs before they are released in to the market. No one would want to imagine the suffering such animals go through when being forced to inhaled dangerous poisonous chemicals. Various inhuman tests carried out on animals may be beyond the scope of this paper but the truth is, there being other alternatives, there is no reason why animals should be exposed to such cruelty. According to Algoe (2010), about fifty thousand animals die every year due to problems encountered in the process of medical research. A lot of the researches conducted are a clear indication that even if it is not all procedures in medical research that lead to death, the fact is there are many which claim the life of animals. For instance, one company that manufactures food for pets kills many more in the process of production while testing the effectiveness of different types of food. All animals are im portant ranging from dogs, cats, donkeys and rats to mention just a few and ought to be protected and treated with dignity. Bent on that, it is clear why the use of animals in medical research should be banned as it is not morally appropriate. Synthesis It is true that human race benefits greatly from the use of animals in the medical research. It is also true that the practice is inappropriate because it harms and kills the animals. Therefore, it is a practice that is beneficial to human beings while being destructive to animals.Advertising Looking for essay on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is important to take care of human life and on the other hand, it is still important to ensure the well fare of animals since they are living things and deserve to be treated as such. At this point no one would disagree with the fact that animals should only be used for medical research as the last option. In addition, even at such a point important measures ought to be put in place to prevent any inhuman treatment as well as minimizing the severity of the consequences. Research conducted indicates that some products like cosmetics and household products need not to be tested on animals since there are other alternatives. Moreover, some people have understood the dangers of animal testing and as a result, some centers like Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to animal Testing have been opened. It is a center that was opened with a main aim of developing new methods that can replace animal testing. Although it is a costly project because it involves use of new methods and old me thods simultaneously to ensure that the results are consistence, various organizations as well as the government should ensure that enough funds are available to help the center achieve its goal and vision of finding alternative means of testing. As much as possible, it is important to use other methods of testing which are inclusive of in-vitro tests, human clinical tests and the computer software. Human clinical tests make use of human beings to conduct various experiments in a clinical set up. While used appropriately, the alternative tests can successfully give almost or similar results and by so doing, the life of animals will be saved and also the life of human beings. It is important to point out that some alternatives like the use of animal cells, organs, tissues and other parts are not appropriate because even if they spare the animal a lot of pain, an animal must be killed in order to obtain such internal organs. If all the alternatives fail to work and the only option is to use animals, then it is necessary to employ appropriate measures to ensure that animals are prevented from much suffering. It is true that anesthesia my interfere with results but what would prevent scientists to undertake research and search for better methods of pain relief that may not interfere with their results. If it was possible for the same scientists to discover better forms of pain relief to be used while treating human beings, is it also not possible to develop pain reliefs for animals which cannot interfere with other procedures involved? In addition, studies of Prate (2002) illustrate that allowing experimentation does not mean that all tests should be carried out even them that are appropriate. On the same note, the same study explains that although the researcher was using mice for the study, it was not possible to continue with all the tests since some would have exposed the poor animals to unnecessary stress and pain. It is therefore possible to allow only appro priate tests that cannot cause pain and result to other unfavorable conditions. It is time the government and other stake holders take the issue of using animals for testing seriously. If there are laws that safeguard animals from maltreatment by other member members of the public, there should be rules and laws to safe guard the animals from being destroyed during medical research. It does not make any sense to take action against people who kill animals on the roads and at the same times continue to kill more animals in the laboratory. Since animals are not like human beings who can refuse to be tested, it is only the human species that can help solve the problem. It is not only the authorities that should control unnecessary animal testing but also the general public. For instance, what would happen if all of us refused to buy products that have manufactured by the companies that use animal testing? All of us have a duty and a responsibility of preventing inhumane as well as unne cessary killing of animals. Conclusion In conclusion, it is important to mention that the question can be answered differently in different perspectives. For instance, use of utilitarian ethical theories disqualifies the fact that animal research exposes the animal to pain since in such a perspective, the correctness of an action is dependent on the benefits of the same (Paul Paul, 2001). Similarly, another person may argue that protesting against killing animals in research is inappropriate because human beings kill animals for other purposes like to obtain meat. Being aware of the perspectives that have been used, this paper has tried not only to use all the perspectives, but also to put together different approaches without being so much focused on any. References Algoe, S. (2010). Animals should not be used for medical experimentation. Retrieved from https://hubpages.com/politics/Animal-Testing-medical-experimentation National Institutes of Health. (n. d.). Medical Research wit h Animals. Retrieved from https://www.nih.gov/ Paul, E. F., Paul, J. (2001). Why animal experimentation matters: the use of animals in medical research. Piscataway: Transaction Publishers. Prate, A. M. (2002). Should animals be used for experimentation? Web. This essay on Should Animals be used in Medical Research? was written and submitted by user Chance Pope to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Muriels wedding essays

Muriels wedding essays Muriels Wedding is a stereotypical view at the image of weddings and marriages. Throughout the movie the idea that a wedding heals nothing is strongly imprinted by Muriel and various weddings and marriages. The movie is about personal growth and acceptance as reflected by the change in some characters that remain constant and consistent throughout. At the opening scenes of the movie it quickly becomes apparent that Muriel is one of five struggling kids who are jobless and lifeless. Throughout the movie scenes cutting back to the kids give a picture that they have no real aim or objective in life with the exception of Muriel. The source of the problem lies heavily on the parents, Bill and Betty Heslop. Bill is constantly putting down the kids with such words as Youre all useless and Betty just seems to sit by and watch. All these scenes revolve around the theme of acceptance as shown at the end of the film when Muriel is talking to Bill. In this scene Muriel shows herself as a strong grown female who knows what she wants in her life. Muriel finally accepts her treacherous past of lies and deceit by confronting it with Bill symbolising personal growth. Muriels approach to marriage and love is equivalent to that of a six-year-old girl. For the duration of the movie Muriel refers to marriage as an escape from her life, a quick fix, a dream yet be known to Muriels self marriage is not what Muriel is looking for but the feeling of living, to be independent not dependent. Muriel begins to understand this after the death of her mother and the fake marriage to David Van Arckle. These scenes strongly represent the line of personal growth Muriel undertakes. A person that also portrayed acceptance and helps Muriel through her stage of personal growth is Rhonda. As soon as Muriel reunites with Rhonda on Hibiscus Island, Rhonda does not judge Muriel on her company or clothes but herself which is something ...

Pleasing Words

Pleasing Words Pleasing Words Pleasing Words By Mark Nichol The Latin verb placere, meaning â€Å"be acceptable† or â€Å"be liked,† is the source of a number of English words pertaining to agreeability. This post lists and defines these terms. The verb please, meaning â€Å"be agreeable,† is from plaisir, the Old French intermediary of placere, which is also the origin of pleasure, meaning â€Å"give pleasure to† and, as a noun, â€Å"enjoyment† or â€Å"something enjoyed.† (The synonym pleasance is rare.) Please, as an adverb, also precedes or follows a request (â€Å"Please close the door†) or an affirmation (â€Å"Yes, please†) to make it more courteous but can also express derision (â€Å"Oh, please†). The antonyms of the verb and noun, respectively, are displease and displeasure. Something that pleases is pleasing, and someone who pleases is a pleaser. Placebo was adopted directly from a Latin term meaning â€Å"I will please.† The word refers to a substance given to a patient for mental rather than physical relief (because the patient is deceived into thinking that the placebo will have an effect on an imagined or exaggerated condition). It also applies to a similarly innocuous substance given to members of a control group in an experiment to help evaluate the effectiveness of a drug taken by test subjects; if the drug is determined to be more effective than the placebo, it is efficacious. Another close relative is the adjective pleasant, meaning â€Å"agreeable,† the antonym of which is unpleasant. A pleasantry is a polite remark made during a social occasion, or a humorous or playful one. Meanwhile, plea is also descended from placere, by way of placitum, meaning â€Å"decree† or â€Å"opinion†; the evolution of the sense is from â€Å"something agreed on because it pleases† to â€Å"something decided.† The verb form, plead, originally applied exclusively to making a plea in court but was later extended to apply to an urgent request; pleading developed as a noun from the first sense, describing the act of arguing a case. Complacence originally meant â€Å"pleasure† but came to pertain to a lack of concern or to self-satisfaction; the variation complacency has the negative connotation of clueless complacence. The homophone complaisance is a direct borrowing from Middle French meaning â€Å"desire to please.† The adjectival forms are complacent and complaisant. Placid, from placere by way of placidus, meaning â€Å"peaceful,† retains the Latin meaning. (The noun form is placidity.) The Latin verb placare, meaning â€Å"appease† or â€Å"assuage,† is related; it is the source of placate, which retains those meanings. The adjectival form is placatory, and the act is called placation. Placable is an alternative adjective, though it is rare; the antonym, implacable, is more common. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a SentenceEmpathy "With" or Empathy "For"?30 Words for Small Amounts

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 37

Personal Statement - Essay Example hieve the needed personal and professional in the absence of education, especially Higher Education that is known for setting the paradigm for organizations to be run. Personally, I have chosen marketing as a course and this is the area I want to penetrate with my academic studies at UCAS. My reason for choosing marketing is influenced by a number of factors, major among which is the need for me to take total advantage of booming oil and gas riches that is currently in place in Qatar. For me to take advantage of the oil and gas riches do not mean enriching myself through marketing but equipping my knowledge, skill and competence with the ever growing media and advertising popularity in Qatar. Because of the oil and gas riches, a lot of companies continue to spring up by the day. Because the companies are many, there is so much competition among them that they can hardly survive in the absence of media publicity and advertisement. This is where my professional knowledge in marketing will become useful. My ambitions as a marketer in Qatar are well laid out. In the first place, I am hoping to start from the relatively lower rank where I shall work for a number of up and coming multinational companies. As my experience grows, I would move on to higher grounds by taking state-oriented positions, especially towards the World Cup 2022. The World Cup is certainly a very big event that the government attaches so much importance to. The World Cup 2022 will bring Qatar closer to the whole world and thus the need to glorify the image of the country through a successful hosting. This is where the need for the tournament and country in general to be well marketed comes in. I therefore a person who can be described as very hungry for success since my ambition run very high into the long term. I currently have so many experiences, interests and background that make me very suitable for my ambition to go as far as marketing the World Cup 2022 in Qatar. For example I am a very

PLANNING PERSONAL FINANCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PLANNING PERSONAL FINANCE - Essay Example In case of dividend if the income is received or accumulated it is given a credit @ 10%. For example, if an investor gets a dividend of 90p then total dividend would be counted as 100p as 10% credit built in it. Tax payers who fall in starting rate and basic rates and non tax payers does not have to do any other things in this regard. No refund will be accommodated by HMRC (Her Majestys Revenue and Customs) on this claim by non tax payers. It should be noted that the losses made on disposals can be adjusted with profits made during the year and then the tax would be calculated. Further the losses accumulated can be carried forward for indefinite period. Term life assurance is a policy which gives coverage at a fixed payment rate for decided period of time which is normally limited in nature. After the period has lapsed coverage automatically expires and the rates and premiums also get changed. It is on the client either to leave the coverage or obtain more coverage by making different payment on different terms and conditions. In case of death of insured during the term, the benefits of insured will be paid to the beneficiaries. An individual can also make contributions on his own by making an arrangement with an insurance company or some other provider. These schemes will also enjoy similar tax advantages as that of occupational schemes. Normally individuals invest during their employment life and then enjoy the pension in their post retirement life. There are various advantages attached with an scheme in respect of tax which got itself registered. Some of the advantages are assets grow free from income tax, capital gains tax and corporation tax, employees are allowed to contribute out of their untaxed income and employer contributions are allowed in tax as deductible expenses. Only funded schemes are allowed to get registered. It is not necessary that the shares are available on par

Why Psychology Is Important Essay Example for Free

Why Psychology Is Important Essay Psychology is the study of the human mind and any of its functions. It also includes the behavior resulting from any changes in our environment. Psychology is very important to mankind in that it is important in understanding the world we live in. Psychology helps us and allows us to better understand the emotional and behavioral effects of our surroundings. According to Taylor (1988), many prominent researchers believe a healthy mental outlook on the world and what we perceive it to be is very important. Psychology is a mandatory course for so many programs of study because it is so widely used in occupations across the world. Using any number of research methods, a psychologist can apply research to the field of Public Relations in order to predict how a demographic will respond to certain things that occur. Not only is psychology widely used in many professions, but basic elements of psychology affect us as individuals each day. The research that psychologists glean from their subjects benefits all of us through better understanding of how our minds work. This is possible through testing of subject groups and adjusting environmental conditions. With the resulting data, psychologists can improve our lives. While most can speculate about behavior and emotion, psychologists us the scientific method to more legitimately predict describe and even explain human behavior. The simple fact that psychology contains so many sub-fields makes it unique. This allows specialized psychologist to concentrate on a more specific aspect of the human mind, such as, developmental psychology where researchers observe human mental growth from birth to death (Feldman 2009). A cross-cultural psychologist could be of help in the conflict affecting Syria. A researcher in cross-cultural psychology could shed light on how people in the region react to the violence and horror that has been occurring over the past couple of years. Through this, mankind can benefit by improving conditions to ease the locals mentally and emotionally. Through experimental psychology, researchers can get a better idea of how people see, and react to the world. This is immensely important as an improved view of the world would increase productivity and overall stress reduction. According to a rigorous survey conducted by the Center for Disease Control, in 2004, 1 in 4 people reported having a mental illness. This means that in any family of four, statistically, on person has a mental illness. Because of this statistic, psychological study is important. With psychological specialists, these people can be evaluated and treated giving them a better quality of life. Studies included in an APA press release in 2005 suggest that people are not made as happy by success as previously thought. Studies show that it is really happiness that is beginning to engender success, suggesting that employees respond well to positive feedback from their work. With this knowledge we can shape society by putting in place emotional and mental buffers in our everyday environment. Psychology is such a widely applied field of the sciences, that many students are required to take a course covering the subject. This is highly effective in making our society more prepared to both deal with everyday stresses and even become capable of making society better through psychological research. There are many fields that directly require a degree in psychology. There are seemingly more degrees that lie outside the social services field that require a grasp of psychology as well. Take, for example, Public Relations specialists. A PR agent is going to take an event that a company or organization is involved in and try to use demographic studies and delicate wording to spin the situation in a positive sounding way. Through test subject research, a psychologist can determine in what fashion to deliver a message or piece of info to the media to achieve a desired result with the public. Edward Bernays, the nephew of Sigmund Freud, did some work in PR (HM Publishers 1986). Bernays believed that all people in PR should understand psychology. He felt that if you understand how and for what reason people did things, you could change their behavior. Also, to be a good communicator, you must understand how people behave. With the huge variety of applications, psychology is crucial to many professional fields. Psychology affects all of our lives on an individual level as well as a society. During daily life, an individual may use methods used in psychology. A leader can reward his followers for creativity. An individual can use methods to motivate oneself. One can improve communication skills by noticing non-verbal signals and using tone to reinforce a message. Through attention to personal behavior under low stress situations, a person can determine how they may react under those regular conditions. All of these are simple ideas of psychology applied to make one more productive and effective in society. This makes psychology even more crucial to how people live from day to day. The study of our minds and behavior will continue to be an integral part of everyday life as well as professional endeavors. It is important because, through research, improvements can be made in quality of life as well as productivity. Since it is so applicable to one’s life it is very important to have a greater understanding of psychology. This way, people will have a better understanding of themselves and each other. A large number of social services require experience in psychology. Just as many professions outside the social services do as well, like public relations. An insight into psychological studies may also render a greater understanding of oneself, making society stronger as a whole. It is for these reasons and more that psychological research will always be important.

Witch Trial Phenomena Essay -- essays research papers fc

In important respects, the great witch hunts began with the invention of the stereotypical witch in texts by professional demonologists. Prior to the publication of these texts, there was already widespread belief in magic both harmless and malicious. But not until the practice of magic became a religious warfare between God and his enemy the devil did community concerns about the practice of magic evolve into the desperate, sadistic trials that occurred in the 16th and 17th centuries, and the idea that witchcraft was a reality rather than a myth suddenly made a comeback. Trials of individual witches in early modern Europe always began with specific accusations brought against a supposed witch by one or more of her neighbours. When the printing press was invented, writings could be distributed around Europe. The first and most significant written ideas of witchcraft available to a majority of people was the Malleus Maleficarum (Hammer of Witches) written by Sprenger and Kramer in 1486. The document made an important contribution to the widespread witch hunt. Sprenger and Kraemer proclaimed that not believing in the reality of witches was heresy. Sprenger and Kramer informed secular authorities to fight witches by any means necessary. It was followed by other texts that described, often in great detail, the alleged practices of witches, or that outlined the procedures for conducting a trial of a witch. These texts created some of main aspects of wild beliefs of witches that permeated Europe for two centuries: that witches had deviant sex with one another and with the devil, that they interfered in natural reproduction, that they caused death and disease and other natural occurrences such as storms and that they turned away from their Christian faith. In short that they threatened every form of religious and secular order. Between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, the seven deadly sins had came into place which had taken the place of the ten commandments.3 This made it sins against God rather than sins against fellow neighbours and the community. "witchcraft had been previously been the crime of harming neighbours by occult means ; now clerical intellectuals tied it firmly to devil-worship." creating a new vision of witches of being extreme heretics therefore leading the way to large persecutions to eradicate this evil and cause of disord... ...ration of the killing of women, London, 2000,pg 18 5 ibid.,pg 19 6 ibid.,pg 15 7 Norman, Davies, Europe A history, London, 1996, pg 556 8 Rob Briggs, Witches and Neighbours, London, 1996 pg 191 9 ibid.,pg 273 10 Norman, Davies, Europe A history, London, 1996, pg 566 11 Rob Briggs, Witches and Neighbours, London, 1996, pg 324 12 H.G. Koenigberger,, George. L. Mosse, G. Q. Bowler, europe in the sixteenth century, 2nd ed, England, 1989, pg 135 13 Rob Briggs, Witches and Neighbours, London, 1996, pg 323 14 ibid., pg 324 15 ibid.,pg 8 Bibliography: Briggs, Rob, Witches and Neighbours, London, 1996 Clarke, Stuart, Thinking with demons: the idea of witchcraft in early modern Europe, England, 1999 Davies, Norman, Europe A history, London, 1996 Heinemann, Evelyn, Witches : A psychoanalytical exploration of the killing of women, London, 2000 Koenigberger, H..G, George. L. Mosse, G. Q. Bowler, europe in the sixteenth century, 2nd ed, England, 1989 Willis, Deborah, Malevolent Nurture Witch- Hunting And Maternal Power In Early Modern England, United States of America, 1995 Electronic sources: Microsoft, Encarta, Encyclopedia Deluxe, 99, ‘Witchcraft’

Therapeutic Diet Teaching Plan: Gluten Free Diet

Celiac disease is a genetic disease which affects almost one percent of the U. S. population. Surprisingly enough, almost 95% of people with celiac disease are either misdiagnosed or undiagnosed. Having celiac disease means that one’s immune system is attacking any gluten that has been ingested causing damage to the small intestine. The damage done to the small intestine will prevent absorption of necessary vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. The only way to treat celiac disease is by removing all gluten from one’s diet. Celiac disease can be difficult to diagnose.The symptoms are generally gas, bloating, diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue. Many people suffering from these symptoms tend to self-prescribe solutions such as Pepto-Bismol or other such remedies for common indigestion. The only way to get an accurate diagnosis is from an antibody test done via a simple blood test. If necessary, a small intestine biopsy can be performed as well to provide a more concrete confirmation of the presence of the disease. The unfortunate reality is that there is no pharmaceutical treatment available. The only solution is to go â€Å"gluten-fee. Once gluten has been consumed, the individual will have to live with the consequences until the body has been able to rid itself of the gluten. Although the symptoms might seem bearable enough to continue consuming gluten products, there are a number of serious side effects to that decision. A person afflicted with celiac disease that goes untreated will likely suffer from infertility, some cancers, and most definitely malnutrition. Caring for a newly diagnosed celiac patient requires educating that patient on a number of topics. The first topic being that celiac disease is not short term.It will require a lifelong lifestyle change that can be difficult for a number of people. Also, as celiac can be asymptomatic and is genetic in nature, relatives (if not already) should also be tested for the disease. Once the in itial shock has been allowed to sink in, presentation of diet options need to be completed as treatment should begin as immediately as possible. It is important to know what â€Å"gluten† is. Gluten is found in wheat, rye, and barley. Any food item containing any of the previously listed items will no longer be consumable for a patient with celiac. Gluten â€Å"hides† in all sorts of different food items.Reading labels will have to become a part of the grocery shopping experience. Even foods like chicken, which might carry the assumption of being gluten free, have to be purchased with caution as chickens are injected with wheat fillers to provide the meat with more flavor. It should not be assumed that packages claiming to be â€Å"gluten free† are. The only way to be sure is to read the label and note the ingredients. Also, food items that are processed on equipment which also handle wheat items should be eaten with caution. The most obvious attack to a celiac diet is that on the carbohydrate food group.Seemingly all bread items are no longer available including but not limited to: pizza, bagels, bread, pasta, and cakes. However, the good news is that with the rise in population of those afflicted with celiac, breads and other such carbohydrate products are being made with flaxseed and/ or brown rice. Instead of focusing on finding foods with a wheat base, one can look for breads made with rice, corn, potatoes, soybeans, or tapioca. Although eating foods from the dairy group can be troublesome when immediately beginning treatment for celiac, these foods can be added back into the diet after a few weeks.It is okay to eventually eat cheese and milk. Most ice creams will need to be avoided as they most likely will contain gluten, especially those sporting fancy added toppings such as Oreos and/or cookie dough. There are a few other food items to take into consideration when planning gluten free meals. Processed and breaded meats along with b readed vegetables need to be avoided. Most canned soups, salad dressings, and soy sauce will contain gluten. Sadly, the vast majority of desserts will no longer be able to be enjoyed.Although, one can now find on the shelves of some grocery stores boxed mixes for items such as brownies and cookies. Of course, being a product of wheat and barley, beer is also no longer consumable. The gluten free diet will take getting used to. It can be extremely difficult to give up foods (pizza, for example) that have become personal favorites. It can be made even more frustrating by the fact that symptoms generally take several weeks to go away. However, once the symptoms are gone, the freedom from pain and discomfort will bring much more happiness than a piece of toast.

Awareness Of Sensory Loss Essay

In centripetal loss ( touch. mobility. vision. hearing ) this can hold a negative impact to an person like for illustration in mobility an single can see hapless mobility. tilting to one side or trouble with their coordination. the person may hold trouble to feed or dress themselves. or may non be able to take part in an activity and in some fortunes an person may non be able to manage/maintain their personal day-to-day life. Another is eyesight or vision. an person who suffers from this disablement may hold a really difficult clip pass oning or even to show themselves to what they want to make and what their wants are without the aid of another individual. This instance is the same with an person who is deaf or have limited hearing. Sometimes when you suffer from these disablements. people easy judge you in a manner that they try to sequester you or belong you to hold a below mean intelligence and presume that you can non make or believe for yourself or believe the same as other people which may do farther unwellnesss for the person such as depression. anxiousness and isolation. There can besides be a positive impact of holding these disablements because aid is ever available. AIDSs and benefits are available to back up you. there are care systems in topographic point that an person may utilize to back up them with twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours life and promote the person to hold a positive mentality on life. assisting the single lead every bit much as an independent life as possible which in the long tally will guarantee the person is happy and secure. 1. 2 Some stairss that can be taken to get the better of the negative factors could be ; With an person with sight damage guarantee the person has their spectacless on if prescribed. guarantee the spectacless are clean and the person is able see through them. Guarantee the country is clear of any obstructions to forestall the person from stumbling over or knocking into things. if the environment remains the same and points are non moved the person may happen it easier to travel around as they will be familiar with where things are and will be able to avoid them. An person who has a hearing damage may happen it easier to hear you if they are taken in to a quiet and good illume environment to speak. besides guarantee the persons hearing AIDSs are in and working and the volume is turned up to their liking. Always make the single aware of different groups and administrations that can assist them. guarantee people include the person when they can alternatively of speaking over them or go forthing them out of activities as if they are non at that place. If this does go on so dispute any favoritism and explicate why it is incorrect. 1. 3 Peoples puting restrictions on an person with centripetal loss can be disenabling. for illustration. believing that a blind/poor sighted single can’t manage entirely or can’t see what others are making toward them or others. or that of a deaf/poor hearing single are amusing because of the manner they talk or are mocked for continually inquiring for a individual to reiterate themselves. These attitudes and beliefs can forestall the individual being including in society as an equal. This can so hold a negative consequence on the person which can do a concatenation reaction of mental unwellnesss such as depression. anxiousness and isolation. 1. 4 You can get the better of disenabling attitudes and beliefs in centripetal loss by disputing favoritism instantly and explicate why it’s wrong. theoretical account good pattern. You can besides acquire involved in societal activities that promote positive attitudes. Outcome2 2. 1 Sight loss – Always place yourself to the person and guarantee you make it clear that you are talking to them and non person else. they can’t read your organic structure linguistic communication so you need to be clear about your significances and waies etc. A noisy environment can do it hard for them to concentrate on your voice so it may be better to seek cut down background noise. Hearing loss – Be respectful to the person when seeking to acquire their attending e. g. use a light touch on the arm. flex down to the persons level so they can see your face. if they lip read they will necessitate to see your face to be able do out what you’re inquiring them. you need to talk clearly at a normal gait and tone. you may necessitate to be patient and repeat things. Deaf blind – some of the above plus you need to cognize the degrees of hearing loss and sightlessness and their preferable method of communicating. 2. 2 Persons with centripetal loss such as hearing or sight can profit from different types of effectual communicating. Persons with hearing loss may profit from utilizing gestural linguistic communication or images to pass on. Those with sight loss may profit most from vocal communicating and touch. 2. 3 Information can be provided in many different ways to an person with centripetal loss listed below are a few illustrations of ways information can be passed on to the person. Centripetal loss –braille. tape recordings hearing loss – British mark linguistic communication. Makaton. ocular AIDSs e. g. images. lip reading. Deaf/blindness – . Braille is a system of raised points which can be read by touch. The Moon alphabet consists of brocaded forms which can be read by touch. Objects of Reference are objects that have particular significances assigned to them. They stand for something in the same manner that words do. Result 33. 1 The chief cause of centripetal loss is aging. as we age our senses become less and less. Centripetal loss can besides be caused by an unwellness such as dementedness or by holding an accident and sustaining hurt. 3. 2 Congenital centripetal loss means the person was born with it. whereas acquired centripetal loss is when the centripetal loss has developed as is the consequence of ageing. serious hurt or unwellness with the person. 3. 3 The per centum of the general population holding centripetal loss is 45 % . harmonizing to hypertext transfer protocol: //www. sense. org. uk/content/research-deafblindness Sense estimates that there are around 250. 000 deafblind people in the UK. Outcome 4 4. 1These are a few of the many indexs and marks to place sight loss. hearing loss and deaf/blindness.Sight loss†¢Increased sensitiveness to visible radiation and blaze†¢difficulty distinguishing colorss†¢Clumsiness. knocking into things in familiar milieus†¢difficulty separating objects from one another†¢holding books/papers near to face†¢regular headaches/eyes aching†¢reduced dark vision†¢Trouble reading little print i. e. on medicines†¢difficulty recognizing faces of household and friends†¢squinting when watching the telecasting†¢loss of involvement in avocations such as needlecraftHearing loss†¢difficulty hearing clearly when in a group conversation or noisy room†¢Asking people to reiterate themselves all the clip†¢people looking to mutter when they are speaking usually†¢not hearing the telephone ring or the door bell†¢having to hold the volume on high on the telecasting or wireless†¢hearing bett er in one ear compared to the other†¢Adult voices easier to understand than children’†¢getting tired or stressed due to holding to concentrate harder when listening Deaf and Blindness†¢to response to sound or illume†¢sensitive to being touched†¢difficulty doing sense of milieus†¢Withdrawal and isolation†¢developmental hold†¢use of other senses. gustatory sensation. odor and touch. to derive information †¢personalised methods of communicating4. 2 When concerns are raised sing centripetal loss or alterations. the first class of action should be to reach their g. p. oculus specializers who after scrutiny may mention them to a specializer at the infirmary for farther hearing and vision trials. Result 5 If you are concerned about centripetal loss or you know person who is you can describe this to your carers. seniors. troughs if in a attention place scene. Sing persons populating in their ain place you can seek advice or describe the job to your local g. p. societal worker or speak to household members. There is a web site called sense you can look on for aid and support sing centripetal loss and you’d like advice and information about the support and services available. you can name Sense on 0300 330 9256 or e-mail: [ electronic mail protected ]/* */!function(t. e. r. n. c. a. p){try{t=document. currentScript||function(){for(t=document. getElementsByTagName('script'). e=t. length;e--;)if(t[e]. getAttribute('data-cfhash'))return t[e]}();if(t&&(c=t. previousSibling)){p=t. parentNode;if(a=c. getAttribute('data-cfemail')){for(e=''. r='0x'+a. substr(0. 2)|0. n=2;a. length-n;n+=2)e+='%'+('0'+('0x'+a. substr(n. 2)^r). toString(16)). slice(-2);p. replaceChild(document. createTextNod e(decodeURIComponent(e)). c)}p. removeChild(t)}}catch(u){}}()/* ]]>*/

History of Middletown, New Jersey Essay Essay Example

History of Middletown, New Jersey Essay Essay Example History of Middletown, New Jersey Essay Essay History of Middletown, New Jersey Essay Essay A Starbuck or Panera Bread at about every corner. high rise condominiums and modern twenty-four hours architectural constructions line the metropolis of Middletown. New Jersey. This is the mundane image of my hometown located North of the Navesink River in Monmouth County. Yes. I have noticed beautiful province Parkss. a beacon. and marks for tourer. but non being a tourer. I neer realized or cared much for why Middletown even attracted tourers. I was looking frontward to this research paper. because it gave me an chance to really larn the historical significance of where I lived. I put the proverbial â€Å"tourist hat† on and took to the streets. What I learned amazed and embarrassed me. Middletown was encased in history. landmarks and all I fundamentally new was where to acquire my latte in the forenoon. Before seeing the â€Å"sights† that I passed by so many times without intermission. I wanted to larn about the history of Middletown itself. the simple facts. The township was settled in l665 by the English who migrated from Long Island. New York and New England. They had to buy the land from the local Indian folk and ab initio established three small towns ; the Portland Point. Shrewsbury and Middletown. The towns were organized as portion of the Monmouth County in l693. Portland Point didn’t advancement. but the two staying small towns prospered and were deemed as the â€Å"Two Towns of the Navesink† ( Gabrielan. 2003 ) . Middletown’s past included playing a portion in the Revolutionary War. A huge figure of occupants stayed loyal to England and while others fount for their independency. Harmonizing to Randall Barielan. â€Å"the struggle in New Jersey was a practical civil war. Enemy participants in the major conflict in New Jersey were headed toward Middletown. British forces hid in the Middletown hills during the conflicts. I neer imagined my hometown shared a piece of our nation’s history. It’s a little town of about 60. 000 people. on the Navesink River. Unfortunately. we did hold 36 occupants die on September 11th. but with that aside our offense rate is 0. 6 per 1. 000 people ( epodunk. com. 2007 ) . Until this paper I thought of Middletown as a quaint small town with the most impressive characteristic being that Bruce Springsteen. Geraldo Riviera and Vince Lombardi were born. Since I did go through a few â€Å"old† churches on my manner to a Starbucks. I thought I’d esearch the spiritualty history of Middletown. There were several different denominations early on with the Baptist Church founded in 1688. the oldest church in New Jersey. with at least one half of the original colonists known to be of this religion. The All Saints Memorial Church in Navesink. founded in l864 and officially going a National Historic Landmark in1988. Richard Upjohn. a visionary of this clip period. with his English Gothic Revival designer. was chosen to build the church puting the basis in l863. Harmonizing to there official web site ; World Wide Web. allsaintsnavesink. roentgenium. the church was awarded a â€Å"grant from the New Jersey Historic Trust to develop a long term saving program. † The narrative behind the Episcopal Christ Church. built in l702 is interesting. It was non about England colonists acquiring together to worship ; it was more of a â€Å"missionary venture. † Colonial Governor. Lewis Morris. wrote to the Bishop of London of the people of Middletown: â€Å"There is no such thing as a church or faith among them. They are possibly. the most nescient and wicked people in the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Bishop sent two Anglican priests to â€Å"save† Middletown. That was over three hundred old ages ago and the Christ Church still remains an active fold ( christchurchmiddletown. org ) . Another country of Middletown I wasn’t cognizant of. is snuggled off high on a hill and called the Water Witch Club. founded in 1895. A 50 acre â€Å"historic Eden. † added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. It is known for its â€Å"exclusive club civilization. † and architecture. The Witch Club enticed visits by celebrated designers such as Frank A. Wright and Yew York are rich and celebrated. Soon there are 44 places at Water Witch Club that surprisingly kept its â€Å"old-world appeal. † throughout its history. A breathtaking site on top of a hill. which escaped me for so long ( Van Develde. 2003 ) . Before I introduce you and myself. to the several other historic landmarks in Middletown. there is one fact I was surprised to unveil. Middletown’s day-to-day newspaper. the Times Herald-Record. frequently called merely. â€Å"The Record. † was the first cold beginning imperativeness in the state. published in 1851. Subsequently. in 1956. the Middletown Daily Record. the first U. S. newspaper to utilize cold type. printed from a garage. ignited competition for the Record. In l969 the two documents merged into the Sunday Record. but reverted back to the Times Herald-Record in 2007. The signifier of this newspaper from cold type to a web site. in 2008. shows a timeline of inventions ( record online. com ) . Now. back to being a tourer. I set Forth to see the historical landmarks my venue had preserved for coevalss. Marlpit Hall was built in several phases and completed in 1756. It was the place of loyalist Edward Taylor and his household. Taylor was held under house apprehension for his political positions and lost most of his wealth and influence. In l936. the house was donated to the Monmouth County Historical Association. The Association restored it to go the first house museum in the part. Marlpit has five suites all furnished to picture its puting from l756 through 1820. It is â€Å"key property† in the National Register of Historic Places in Middletown Village. A â€Å"spin-off† of the Marlpit Hall is the Taylor-Butler House. built in 1853 by descendants of the Marlpit’s Taylor household. Joseph Taylor and his married woman. Mary originally called it the Orchard Home. They were peculiar in supplying the place with household heirlooms. Mary was the last to populate in the house. which remained vacant for ten old ages after her decease in 1930. Henry Ludwig Kramer. a celebrated designer. bought it for his place and office. reconstructing its historical locale. George and Alice Butler bought it from Kramer in the l950’s ; in bend the Monmouth County Historical Association bought the estate in l999. Actually the Association itself has an historical topographic point in Middletown. excessively. It was founded in l898 by a group of citizens committed to continuing the history of Monmouth County. They built a three narrative Georgian edifice in l931 to house a museum and library ( co. monmouth. New Jersey ) . Middletown has two historic farmhouses ; the Murray Farmhouse and the Moses D. Heath Farm. The Murray Farmhouse and barn was built in l770 and remains on its original foundation. Joseph Murray and his female parent arrived from Ireland in l767 to Monmouth County where he met and married Rebecca Morris. and had four kids. Joseph joined the â€Å"local reserves. † when the Revolutionary War began. He acquired the moniker. â€Å"daring. ill-famed Rebel. † because he was â€Å"openly noncompliant of British regulation. † The farm remained in the household until l861. and had several proprietors until it was purchased in 1973 by the Middletown Township to â€Å"save the land from development. † Today the house is non accessible to the populace but there are uninterrupted events and Tourss throughout the barn and farming area ( poricypark. org ) . The Moses D. Heath Farm provides entree to legion exhibits to exemplify the historical importance of farming in Monmouth County. They include ; nineteenth century farm â€Å"artifacts. Gertrude Neidlinger ( 1911-1998 ) Spy House aggregation. and a on the job honey bee settlement and museum. † The farm promotes the bequest of the Heath household. chiefly Bertha C. Heath. Heath’s male parent. Clinton was a former slave until the Civil War freed him. and he fled to Middletown with his brother Calvin ; who subsequently became the first sermonizer at the Clinton Chapel Zion Church. founded in 1870. After he was settled as a harvest husbandman he sent for his married woman and 13 kids. Bertha being the â€Å"youngest of 6 misss. † Born in the farm homestead on July 22. 1909. she ran two stat mis for a â€Å"trolley to take her to school. † each forenoon. Bertha was exceptionally graduating from Middletown Township High School in 1926 she moved to Upper Manhattan. New York City and lived there for 44 old ages. During this period she graduated from the Harlem Hospital School of Nursing. received a Bachelor of Science grade in Public Health organize New York University. in 1958. and a Maestro of Science grade from Columbia University. Bertha went beyond what a black adult females was allowed or able to make. and enjoyed working as a registered nurse until her retirement in 1974. Bertha with the aid of her nephew. Walter Spradley and infinite voluntaries. organized the Heath Center Black History Committee. which still participates in Black History Month jubilations. The belongings has remained in the Heath Family since the station Civil War old ages and converted into the centre of New Jersey’s Afro-american agricultural history. Visiting the farm is the ultimate household experience. Along with exhibits already mentioned. there is a children’s educational garden. blacksmith store. sugar can mill and â€Å"demonstrations on how agriculture was conducted in the l9th century. † ( heahfarm. tripod. com ) . The last landmark I’ll reappraisal is the Sandy Hook Lighthouse. Built in l764 it is the oldest beacon in the state and one of the 12 constructed before the Revolutionary War. It is octangular. and rises eight-five pess above the land and 88 pess above the H2O. New York originally financed Sand Hook because the merchandisers lost a batch of money and crew members from shipwrecks. American and English military personnels both wanted control of the beacon during the war. so New York congresswomans gave the order to darkened it to discourage British ships. This proved uneffective. the British sent a set downing party to relight Sandy Hook. The Americans even tried to destruct the beacon with cannons. but did small harm to its construction. The British controlled Sandy Hook throughout the Revolution. â€Å"The original tower of the Sandy Hook Lighthouse still stands. † Another interesting note from the National Park Service is that the beacon originally stood five 100 pess from the northern terminal of Sandy Hook. and now. because of the current of the H2O. â€Å"the visible radiation is five-eighths of a stat mi from the point. † Ironically the visible radiation continues to assist seamans. as it has â€Å"faithfully done for the last l96 old ages. † and was designated a National Landmark on January 29. 1964 ( neptunium. gov ) . Amazing how much a tourer learns about a topographic point you call place? I had to walk in they’re places to detect the national historic landmarks. concealed natural hoarded wealths and countries steeped in history. literally in my ain backyard. What an unerasable yesteryear laid behind my mundane sights of the Gothic designed church. the farmhouses. and restored l9th century places. It is like seeing Middletown for the first clip. through the eyes of an interested alien. My walk to Starbucks takes on a wholly different significance for me now ; I take it slower. detect the artistic landscape and take pride in cognizing I’m walking down a way through history.

Free sample - Ethical Standards. translation missing

Ethical Standards. Ethical StandardsMoral and ethical aspects of human life are very important for the personal development and statement. These life values determine attitude towards people, God and family. They are not regulated by law or other governmental documents, and there is no determined punishment for their violation, but still breaking ethical rules means breaking own personality and acting against oneself. 1. Ethical standard in majority of cases is taken from the parents’ family, social life, religion and historical period. Also, some people think that social groups, mentality and corporate culture, make impact on ethical standards formation. In other words, it is possible to consider the social environment as a major factor, which influences the ethical and moral standards of the personality. 2. According to the respondents’ point of view, those standards of personal ethics, which were grounded by parents in the childhood, are completely impossible to change because personality makes all important life decisions and actions, according to these standards. In some cases, it is possible to make some impact for the personal ethics while changing environment and religious- person would have to adapt to the new life conditions and to the people, surrounding him or her with their life principles. 3. In most cases ethical standards consider God as the main judge of all our actions. The God is also represented for many people as the personal example on how people should live and act. Family values are the core principle of ethics and people think that it is impossible to be fair with him/herself without being fair in own family. Parents, kids and beloved are the sense of life. Belief in afterlife time – one more important issue in following all ethical norms and standards. Respondents consider the afterlife time as the remuneration for the fair and faithful life, for acting, according to the ethical norms. References: Auditing Practices Board (2010) Ethical Standards. [Online] (Updated 17 July 2010) World Health Organisation (2010) Ethical standards and procedures for research with human beings

Modern Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Modern Design - Assignment Example It is important to explain that during this period, United States was experiencing an element of consumerism. This is whereby the society is characterized by the consumption of products and goods. There was the emergence of the new media and advertisement in this period. This is because companies were seeking to promote their products, just after the Second World War. The use of radio remained as a major method that companies could advertise their products; this is in the 1940s. This was able to promote a luxurious lifestyle, majorly because people could become aware of the emergence of new products that could be used to promote their personal well-being (Raizman, p. 267). By the end of the 1940s, the television emerged as one of the important modes or channels of communication and advertisements. The acquisitions of TV sets began in 1946, and by 1952, more than a third of the citizens of United States were able to own and operate TV sets. Companies that were constantly advertising through the use of the television include Esso, Firestone Tires, and Pan American Airways. These were companies that were promoting luxurious living. Take for example Firestone Tires. This company was promoting tires that could be used in automobiles, and this is an aspect of comfortable living. The development of the FM broadcasting also played a significant role in p romoting comfortable living in America, Italy, Scandinavia and Britain. This is because they were able to promote the products of various companies. This period also saw the emergence of Sunday Magazine, an affiliate of New York Times. This was a major tool that enabled companies to advertise their products. This was specifically in the fashion industry, where fashion companies were seeking to promote the development their new brands. For instance, this type of modernism played a great role in the promotion and rise of American and European designs. For

Living Peacefully in a World Free of Global Warming or Living with All Research Paper

Living Peacefully in a World Free of Global Warming or Living with All the Riches in a World Affected with Global Warming - Research Paper Example Contributing to the increasing levels of GHGs are various activities in which cars and power plants are recorded to be the main sources (Mohr, 2005). Indeed, human beings also have contributions to the levels of GHGs. In accordance to what is stated, developments in different countries lead to the heating up of the planet Earth. More and more buildings are set up and used as factories in order to gain wealth. Despite the campaigns that vehicles are emitting GHGs, people do not care. The present has been seen as the moment for development even though it is believed by some, as a destruction of the environment. Research Question: Which is better, living peacefully in a world free of global warming or living with all the riches in a world affected with global warming? Scope of Limitation: Findings of this research will be limited only to the responses of ten (10) environmental experts. Results from this study will only be based from their views and opinions. Significance of the Study: F indings shall educate individuals on the phenomenon of global warming. The conduct of this research will give indications on how individuals should protect their planet. Moreover, this investigation will also supplement the existing research in this field. Objectives of the Study: This research investigation aims to study how the global warming affects the entire world. Specifically, it also aims at knowing and identifying the effects of the said phenomenon through taking a special look on the life on earth as well as the atmosphere. Theoretical Framework: The theory of global warming will be the framework of this research. Global warming, as defined by James Hansen (2000), is mainly because of the occurrence of high levels of GHGs in the atmosphere in which is triggered by the activities of man. For Hansen (2000), the effect of these gases from burning of fossil fuel is climate change. Hypothesis: The increasing rate of greenhouse gases is threatening the life on earth, the negativ e effects being on the life of human beings and the atmosphere. II. Review of Related Literature Various views exist when people talk about global warming. Some are in agreement but some are opposing the other conceptualizations of the phenomenon of global warming. For Thakur (2009), emission of gases is just the contributor to the phenomenon but clearly not the origin. United Nations Environment Programme (2003) has acknowledged global warming is responsible for the climate changes. Some among the mentioned outcomes are more intense rain, severe flood and storms, more extreme heat waves, and the melting of glaciers. With the rapid changes, it is expected that all the fundamental Earth systems would also alter leading to the disturbance in all the aspects of environment. This disruption would then affect the lives of human beings because of the possible effect to food security. These changes, in effect, will inflict harm on human health. Eipsten (2000) added that with the rise of te mperature comes along the rise of many health diseases. This perspective fears the fact that it may not be possible for the human kind to have its next generation due to the effects it may cause the people. However, the contextualization of carbon causes global warming has been opposed. In Happer’s (2011) article, he claimed that the current warming that the planet currently

Diminishing Returns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diminishing Returns - Essay Example This article is a write up about how the law of diminishing returns has affected the popularity and profitability of the social media. The write up focuses on the idea of applications and advertisements on the social media sites having been stretched too far. Facebook is undoubtedly the most popular social media website operating in the present world. Apart from Facebook, other common social media sites are Instagram, Tumblr, Twitter, SnapChat and Tinder. Facebook is widely used and is an active medium of advertisement by businesses. However, the number of users of Facebook seems to have reached a stagnation level. The overuse of applications and third party advertisements seems to have clouded the interests of the Facebook users. The law of diminishing returns can be applied to the stagnant user profiles of Facebook through the evaluation that the increase in the number of advertisements have led to a decrease in the interests of the avid users of Facebook. The law of diminishing re turns is applicable for Facebook and other social media sites as well because the use of extensive applications have created the need for Facebook and other social media sites to make their active users become more interested to use the platforms of these sites (Gerber, 2014). The social media sites try to attract the attention of their users to different businesses through the advertisements in the sites. However, Facebook and other social media sites can be identified to have missed the consideration of the customer cognition levels.

Republic of Ireland’s Primary Care Strategy: An Analysis

Republic of Ireland’s Primary Care Strategy: An Analysis Primary Care Strategy Introduction â€Å"Primary care is the first point of contact that people have with the health and personal social services.†[1] This means that primary care must be sufficiently well developed to be able to address the most complex and diverse range of health-related challenges and problems that will manifest in healthcare service provision, and make the most of opportunities to promote health and reduce morbidity, across the general population in specific target groups. This essay will explore the Republic of Ireland’s primary care strategy in relation to key goals and targets, and also examine some elements of the strategy in terms of a SWOT analysis. Specific reference will be made to the role of the Specialist Public Health Nurse/Health Visitor Role. Main Body Primary Care can be defined as â€Å"first contact, continuous, comprehensive, and coordinated care provided to populations undifferentiated by gender, disease, or organ system.†[2] Primary care is about the provision of information, diagnosis, treatment, referral and support for the majority of people who access healthcare services for the first time, and the strategic concerns of primary are related to accessibility, provision of short and long-term care which meets the needs of the population, assessment of those needs, and coordination of services to meet those needs[3]. This has many implications for the provision of healthcare services and the management of increasingly scarce resources. However, it is evident from the literature that in most locations, primary healthcare services still have a long way to go in meeting the goals of primary healthcare itself, particularly in relation to improving integration of services and reorienting services to a person-centred model, rather than a disease-centred model. Primary healthcare is viewed as a means of reducing the use of and demand for overall healthcare services by acting as a gatekeeper for secondary healthcare, and as a means of primary prevention of healthcare problems and disease, particularly in high risk groups of the population, but there is ongoing evidence and debate within the academic literature that there are continuing issues about the lack of egalitarian access to such services and ongoing questions about the ways in which they are provided[4]. It is considered by some that the decisions which govern the design and delivery of primary care services are potentially more based on political drivers than true patient need[5]. Similarly, the gateway function of the primary care service in determining which patients have access to acute care (or secondary care) services may not be based on individual need, but on other factors, such as political, social and even personal factors, including prejudices on the part of healthcare professionals[6]. The primary care strategy, if it provides strong guidance which leads to strong leadership, and perhaps enhances management of care through the use of agreed care pathways which guide decision making, might help eradicate some of these factors. Making the person-centred care model central will also help to remove some of the barriers to egalitarian service provision[7]. However, one of the challenges of the Republic of Ireland model is the fact that two thirds of patients in primary care must pay for their care, which would mean that despite the focus on removing inequalities in access, there continue to be challenges for providing equality of acces s[8]. One of the strengths of the primary care strategy is the focus on improving interprofessional working and communications, as a means of streamlining use of services and preventing doubling up or overlap of services[9]. Improving interprofessional working at the primary care level is one thing, but the strategy also needs to ensure that the intersection between primary and secondary care is properly managed, and that patients moving from acute care settings into community settings continue to have a streamlined, person-centred model of care applied, with good continuity of care[10]. However, there is also a need for the provision of strong leadership, which supports the implementation of the changes associated with this re-orientation of primary care in Ireland, and which supports new ways of working and helps to break down the barriers between the professions[11], [12]. This is where the role of the Health Visitor can be examined in a little more detail, in relation to realising some of the goals of the Primary Care Strategy, and in addressing some of the challenges of this. It has long been the case that Health Visitors work across professional boundaries, and work closely with a range of other health professionals, because within the community, specialist and generic roles are equally required in supporting individual patient need[13]. The interprofessional interface is perhaps one of the most fundamental elements of the work of the Health Visitor, but at the same time is perhaps not given enough attention or credit in terms of the impact that Health Visitors have in the prevention of illness and public health sectors of primary healthcare[14], [15]. The Public Health focus of the primary care strategy is inherent in much of the rhetoric it contains, particularly as it expressly cites the potential for preventive strategies to reduce overall healthcare resource use[16]. It is here that the Health Visitor’s role perhaps has the greatest scope, and should be more strongly underlined, as this is a great resource for change. Research shows that the role of the health visitor is paramount and unparalleled, in reducing risk related behaviours, improving health outcomes, promoting healthy lifestyles and engaging in the more challenging areas of the health/social car interface[17], [18], [19]. However, there is also some evidence to suggest that nurses and, in particular, health visitors, have a key role to play in expanding and delivering the public health dimension of primary care[20]. In particular, the development of improved partnerships in health and social care may be made possible through the role of such nurses, who have the broader community knowledge as well as specialist knowledge of key areas of public health[21]. These partnerships can be developed with a focus on the quality of care provision, not just the identification of need[22], [23], [24]. However, managing the development of improved partnerships, and achieving the goals of the Strategy, is going to be challenging during the transition period, and there may be a degree of uncertainty over roles and boundaries[25]. It might be that Health Visitors are in a prime position to provide the leadership required during such a time. Conclusions and Recommendations. Below is a summary of a brief SWOT analysis of the primary care strategy and isome of its potential implications. Table 1 SWOT analysis of Primary Care (with Reference to the Republic of Ireland Primary Health Strategy[26]) This shows that while there are issues with weaknesses and threats, many of these are the kind that have been present within the primary arena for some time, and it will take good leadership, and good use of existing skills and resources, to achieve the goals of the strategy. While the primary care focus for healthcare services is laudable, there is still the overwhelming need for good resourcing, more clarity about provision, and clear guidance on how to move forward to achieve these goals. Making use of existing roles, such as that of the Health Visitor, whose work crosses the intersections of care at so many points in the primary care sector, could improve quality of care, reduce the impact of the change and transition, and also set standards for the future to increase interprofessional communication and partnership. Certainly it should not be assumed that the strategy will eradicate all the existing problems about the provision of primary care in Ireland, and those problems must still be addressed in future provision[30]. References 213615 Allen, P. (2000) Accountability for clinical governance: developing collective responsibility for quality in primary care. British Medical Journal 321: 608–611. Barlow, J., Davis, H., McIntosh, E. et al (2007) Role of home visiting in improving parenting and health in families at risk of abuse and neglect: results of a multicentre randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation Archives of Disease in Childhood 92 229-233. Campbell, S.M., Roland, M.O., Middleton, E. and Reeves, D. (2005) Improvements in quality of clinical care in English general practice 1998-2003: longitudinal observational study. BMJ 12;331(7525):1121 Carr, S.M. (2007) Leading change in public health – factors that inhibit and facilitate energizing the process. PrimaryHealth Care Research and Development. 8 207-215. Chavasse, J. (1998) Policy as an influence on public health nuse education in the Republic of Ireland. Journal of Advanced Nursing 28 (1) 172-177. Chavasse, J. (1995) Public Health Nursing in the Republic of Ireland. Nursing Review 14 (1) 4-8. Currie, G. and Suhomlinova, O. (2006) The Impact of Institutional Forces Upon Knowledge Sharing in the UK NHS: The Triumph of Professional Power and the Inconsistency of Policy. Public Administration 84 (1) 1-30. Department of Health and Children (2001) Primary Care: a New Direction. Available from: http://www.dohc.ie/publications/pdf/primcare.pdf?direct=1 Accessed 10-11-08. Douglas, F., van Teijlingen, E., Torrance, N. et al (2006) Promoting physical activity inprimary care settings: health visitors’ and practice nurses’ views and experiences. Journal of Advanced Nursing 55 (2) 159-168. Dunnion, M.E. Kelly, B. (2005) From the emergency department to home Journal of Clinical Nursing 14 776-785. Ewles, L. (2005). Key Topics in Public Health. London. Churchill Livingstone. Jackson, C., Coe, A., Cheater, F.M. and Wroe, S. (2007) Specialist health visitor-led weight management intervention in primary care: exploratory evaluation Journal of Advanced Nursing 58 (1) 23-34. Lordan, G. (2007) What determines a patient’s treatment? Evidence from out of hours primary care co-op data in the Republic of Ireland. Health Care Management and Science 10 283-292. McGregor, P., Nolan, A., Nolan, B. and O’Neill, C. (2007) A comparison of GP visiting in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. ESRI Working Ppaper Avaialble from www.esri.ie Accessed 10-11-08. McMurray, R. and Chester, F. (2003) Partnerships for health: expanding the public health nursing role within PCTs. Primary Health Care Research and Development4 57-65. Masterson, A. (2002) Cross-boundary working: a macro-political analysis of the impact on professional roles. Journal of Clinical Nursing 11 331-339. Mitchell, P.S., Schaad, D.C, Odegard, P.S. Ballweg, R.A. (2006) Working across the boundaries of health professions disciplines in education, research and service: the University of Washington experience. Academic Medicine 81 (10) 891-896. O’Dowd, A. (2005) Uncertainty over reorganisation is destabilising primary care. BMJ331 1164 Price, B. (2006) Exploring person-centred care. Nursing Standard 20 (50) 49-56. Rummery, K. and Coleman, A. (2001) Primary health and social care services in the UK: progress towards partnership? Social Science Medicine 56 (8) 1773-1782 Stanley, D., Reed, J. Brown, S. (1999) Older people, care management and interprofessional practice. Journal of Interprofessional Care 13 (3) 229-237. Starfield, B. (1994) Is primary care essential The Lancet 344 1129-1133. Thomas, P., Graffy, J., Wallace, P. (2006) How Primary Care Networks Can Help Integrate Academic and Service Initiatives in Primary Care Annals of Family Medicine 4:235-239. Vernon, S., Ross, F. Gould, M.A. (2000) Assessment of older people: politics and practice in primary care. Journal of Advanced Nursing 31 (2) 282-287. Watkins, D., Edwards, J. Gastrell, P. eds. (2003). Community Health Nursing: Frameworks for Practice. 2nd ed. p.35. London, Baillià ¨re Tindall. 1 Footnotes [1] Department of Health and Children (2001) p 7. [2] Starfield, B. (1994) [3] Starfield (ibid) [4] Vernon, S., Ross, F. Gould, M.A. (2000) [5] Vernon (ibid) [6] Starfield (ibid). [7] Price, B. (2006) [8] McGregor, P., Nolan, A., Nolan, B. and O’Neill, C. (2007) [9] Stanley, D., Reed, J. Brown, S. (1999) [10] Dunnion, M.E. Kelly, B. (2005) [11] Carr, S.M. (2007) [12] Currie, G. and Suhomlinova, O. (2006) [13] Watkins, D., Edwards, J. Gastrell, P. eds. (2003). [14] Ewles, L. (2005). [15] Jackson, C., Coe, A., Cheater, F.M. and Wroe, S. (2007) [16] Department of Health and Children (ibid). [17] Barlow, J., Davis, H., McIntosh, E. et al (2007) [18] McMurray, R. and Chester, F. (2003) [19] Douglas, F., van Teijlingen, E., Torrance, N. et al (2006) [20] McMurray (ibid) [21] McMurray (ibid) [22] Allen, P. (2000) [23] Campbell, S.M., Roland, M.O., Middleton, E. and Reeves, D. (2005) [24] Rummery, K. and Coleman, A. (2001) [25] O’Dowd, A. (2005) [26] Department of Health and Children (ibid). [27] Masterson, A. (2002) [28] Mitchell, P.S., Schaad, D.C, Odegard, P.S. Ballweg, R.A. (2006). [29] Thomas, P., Graffy, J., Wallace, P. (2006) [30] Lordan, G. (2007)