Foresic thing

Emily Wilson Marcy Mrs. Myers Mr. Thompson -Dbl occupancy paid $9 extra. -Why would she report the crime if she did it -Defensive when asked questions -No alibi -Receipt shows she was not alone in the hotel room. -Appeared inconsolable as she straightened papers -Suspected of infidelity – Never got permission -Backpack with evidence from crime scene. -Knew the forest very well.Timeline Of Events 8:00 am Monday May 14 -Police respond to a report of missing person at Middle State University -First nterview was with Marcy by officer Stansky -According to Marcy, Professor Klein left for a field trip located near Jacob Falls around 5:15 last Friday night. -Dr. Myers was a secretive and competitive man -Warm weather, heavy decomposition 8:30 Tuesday 15 – Mrs. Myers said that her husband lives in a motel out in Jacob Falls -He had an office out in the community college -Last time she talked to him was around the time he called to tuck the kids in around 8:30. 0:05 Tuesday May 15 -Dr. Myers has research assistance Always Jealous of professor Klein -Emily said that she was at a young archaeologists conference all weekend and also had a receipt. -Emily said she wasn't expecting him until next week when asked why she didn't report him missing. -Late Thursday evening professor Klein's body was found lying supine along the banks of the creek. 5:45 Friday May 18 -No shoe / footprints -No physical wound due to maggot activity -Heavvy downpour and flooding occurred Saturday and light rain on Tuesday night.Heavvy maggot activity on and around professor Klein's body, both feeding and migrating. -Place look ransacked. Going over the details I believe that Emily Wilson was the murderer ot botn protessor Klein and Dr. Myers. Professor Klein might have died Tuesday may 15. Emily and Dr. Myers kidnapped Professor Klein because they were both Jealous and Emily decided that she was going to kill professor Klein on the low but then Dr. Myers saw her do it so then Emily had to kill dr. Myers too.

Dworkin and Hart

PART TWO – ESSAY (1) Dworkin’s â€Å"third conception of the law† called Law as Integrity is based in part on the assumption that there is a single author of the law. The community personifies expressing a coherent conception of justice and fairness. According to law as integrity, propositions of law are true if they figure in or follow from the principles of justice, fairness, ad procedural due process that provide the best constructive interpretation of the community’s legal practice. Furthermore, Dworkin would approve and support the judges for creating an opinion and setting a new precedent on this case.Dworkin’s Chain Novel concept fits into this case perfectly by adding new precedent which the lawmakers of the time could not foresee. The lawmakers had not created such a provision dealing with this situation but surely did not intend to protect this defendant just because the language of the law was absent. (2) Hart might criticize the majority opinion because he will believe that the justices have done a dishonor to the law. Regardless if the defendant attained the land through unmoral means, he did not violate any laws at that time.Social rules should not be taken into consideration with the law since there is no precedent dealing with such issue. A law is separate from morality, and does not in itself guarantee that the primary social rules of a given legal system are just or morally right (Adams 43). The majority opinion relied on judges to go beyond their jurisdiction and make moral judgments when there was no such precedent or law set on that matter. The judges, as Hart may claim, did not follow primary and secondary rules in reaching their majority opinion.Hart may support the dissent of Judge Gray by applauding Grays reasoning on the case. In particular, Hart would support Gray when Gray states, â€Å"The question we are dealing with is whether a testamentary disposition can be altered, or a will revoked, after t he testators death, through an appeal to the courts, when the legislature has by its enactments prescribed exactly when and how wills may be made, altered, and revoked, and apparently, as it seems to me, when they have been fully complied with, has no left room for the exercise of an equitable jurisdiction by the courts over such matters. Adams 152). † Hart would support this train of thought by Gray because Gray clearly makes it known to the majority that there are already laws stating how to properly handle wills, and that the courts really have no jurisdiction after a testator has deceased and the will has come into affect. Gray is only following the law and keeping morality separate.

Marriage in Other Countries Essay

This paper will be about a traditional dress from my native land and other countries. The traditional dress I will be writing about is called a wedding dress. A wedding dress is used throughout the world in various countries including China, Japan, India, and Vietnam. This paper will also detail different cultures, religions, types and colors of wedding gowns that symbolize the bride or groom wealth, occupation and or belief. In the Americas, weddings performed during and immediately following the middle ages were often more than just a union between two people. They could be a union between two families, two businesses or even two countries. Many weddings were more a matter of business than love, particularly among the wealthy people. Brides were therefore expected to dress in a manner that made their family seem more presentable, for they were not representing only themselves during the ceremony. Brides from wealthy families often wore rich colors and exclusive fabrics. The amount of material a wedding dress contained also was a reflection of the bride’s social standing and indicated the extent of the family’s wealth to wedding guests. In the 1920s, wedding dresses were typically short in the front with a longer train in the back and were worn with cloche-style wedding veils. Today, Americas traditional wedding color is white because of the marriage of Queen Victoria to Albert of Saxe-Coburg. Victoria wore a white gown for the event to incorporate some lace she prized. Before then, white was a mourning color, it represented a bride whom had recently lost a loved one. Black was actually a color that was worn by the lower class because it was more favorable and could be worn again on many occasions. In the eastern cultures, the traditional wedding color was red, the color red symbolizes good luck and favorable. In modern Chinese weddings, the bride will opt for Western style dresses and traditional costumes for the official tea ceremony. In India a choice for a bride is a wedding sari, which is a traditional garment for Indian women. Over time color options and wedding fabrics have changed throughout the eastern countries. Fabrics have expanded and today, fabrics like crepe, georgette, tissue, silk, and satin have been used. Colors such as gold, pink, maroon, brown and yellow have also expanded. It seems as if the other countries around the world are starting to adopt the western tradition. At Japanese weddings, brides will often wear three or more dresses throughout the ceremony and subsequent celebrations with a traditional kimono, white and color dress combination being popular. The Javanese people of Indonesia wear a kebaya, a traditional kind of blouse, along with batik. The Native Americans have traditions different from most other countries. A Hopi (A Native American tribe) bride traditionally would have her garments woven by the groom and any men in the village who wished to participate. The garments consisted of a large belt, two all-white wedding robes, a white wedding robe with red stripes at top and bottom, white buckskin leggings and moccasins, a string for tying the hair, and a reed mat in which to wrap the outfit. A Pueblo bride wore a cotton garment tied above the right shoulder, secured with a belt around the waist. In the traditions of the Delaware, a bride would wear a knee-length skirt of deerskin and a band of wampum beads around her forehead. Wedding dresses are very diverse and unique. There are a few things that all weddings dresses have in common among all cultures. The most important thing is that bride’s want to look and feel beautiful. The wedding dress is plays a significant part in the wedding ceremony. The wedding dress gives the bride the opportunity to stand out. A wedding dress represents one of the most precious garments that a woman will wear in her lifetime. It represents religions, cultures and family traditions. Although it’s just material, the wedding dress is very important because it symbolize marriage, the union of two people who love each other.

Summary what you have learned from lectures Assignment

Summary what you have learned from lectures - Assignment Example On the other side, counterproductive behaviors are those that are a hindrance to the accomplishment of the organization’s goals such as hostility, reduced efficiency etc. As an employee, recognizing these behaviors affects the quality of results that one attains in the organization, while to a leader, it is important to encourage the internal and organization citizenship behavior while discouraging the counterproductive behaviors. Organization commitment Organizational commitment can be explained as the desire for an employee to be ad remain part of the organization, it influences whether an employee stays in an organization or leaves to take up another job elsewhere. An affective commitment is whereby an employee stays in an organization because he wants to; he is emotionally attached and involved with the organization. In continuance commitment, an employee stays in an organization because he needs to, he is fully aware of the cost implications of moving from that organizati on and therefore desires to stays, normative commitment is because of the employee feeling that she ought to stay in the organization; one feels obligated to be in the organization. ... Motivation can either be extrinsic, which is because of external outcomes such as bonuses, job security and promotions, or intrinsic which is internal motivation such as a sense of accomplishment, skill development and a general enjoyment of the work. Learning and Decision Making Learning can be explained as a change that results from experience in the knowledge or skill that an employee poses, learning can be through reinforcement that is the use of rewards and punishment, observation and experience. In learning, classical conditioning implies that an employee’s response to a stimulus is not what would have been expected. Through operant conditioning, an employee learns by observing the how voluntary behavior produces certain consequences. To increase the desired behavior of an employee one can either employ the use of positive reinforcement whereby an employee’s desired behavior is followed by a positive outcome, or negative reinforcement whereby negative outcome is r idden off through a desired behavior. As a manager, the best form of employee reinforcement would be positive reinforcement and extinction whereby the consequence of an unwanted behavior is removed for example, stop downloading non-work related videos. Decision-making involves having a set of alternative options and choosing the one that is best suited for the issue at hand, this can be through intuitive decision making, in which the decisions are almost automatic to the person. On the other hand, rational decision making which is a systematic decision is making process and is mainly used by managers in an organization. Trust, Ethics and Justice There are different types of trusts and some depend on the trust, case and example, the disposition based trust, whereby, a person’s

Training and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Training and development - Essay Example The supervisors who are not a part of the HRD department have a definitive role to play within the midst of things. This is because these supervisors and managers must comprehend how they can bring in the much required value for the sake of the organization and what kind of initiatives they need to deploy to extract the best possible returns for it in the long run. The supervisors and managers therefore have a responsibility to look after the needs and aspirations of the employees who work under their aegis and are trying their utmost to give in the best, on a proactively consistent basis. The training realms within any organization remain significant in entirety because the training modules teach so much more than merely training the employees. They tell them the basics related with conducting their respective chores, tasks and undertakings. They also dictate the exact basis through which work processes get manifested in entirety. What is even more significant is an understanding th at the supervisors and managers play their necessary roles at inculcating the kind of training that is needed by the organization in essence. The HRD department is therefore dependent on the supervisors and managers but what is ambiguous is the fact that these supervisors and managers are not a part of this HRD philosophy at all. ... The training procedures are important to ascertain because these take into consideration the aspects of inculcating the true spirits of the organization on to the employees who remain significant during such undertakings. The supervisors and managers need to come out of their related realms to make sure that the employees are on track and are able to complete their jobs in a proper way. This is so needed because this will ensure complete smoothness amongst the employees as far as the work ethos are concerned, and the manner under which success can be achieved at the end of the day. Also the list of responsibilities within such understandings comprise of providing lectures and undertaking workshops which have a long term commitment with the employees, who will go out there and produce results for the organization that will be long standing and have a direct effect on the organization’s measures and ethos. The HRD philosophy is therefore an important barometer for knowing how th ings shape up within organizations and how the supervisors and employees will pay their due role within the thick of things. The supervisors and employees therefore devise ways and means through which their training procedures would be transferred to the employees in an unambiguous and most direct way. This would enable the employees to feel empowered and their work domains would be safely undertaken. The HRD department gets aligned with these supervisors and employees who are essentially not a part of the same, but are made to give in their best because the organizational values hold significance for them and this has a lot of bearing on the employees’ professional realms as well. The employees learn to remain motivated within their ranks

Celebrity Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Celebrity Study - Essay Example Celebrities are characterised by fame, influence and in some cases financial success (Weber, 2014: 100). Inspiration personalities have huge audiences and it is the strategic reason businesses that seek to promote their brands have in the recent past involved them in advertisements. People understandably pay much attention on what celebrities do both fans and haters. As a matter of fact, music, from time immemorial, has been an essential part of human life. Artists who consistently produced high-quality music that attracted a wide audience in the society have gone down in history not only as celebrities but as ‘stars’ and legends. Evidently, Michael Jackson was a music legend whose life was a blessing to many people. This paper seeks to evaluate Michael Jackson as a celebrity and as a case study and comprehensively explore various social elements with regard to his life and contributions while counter-comparing this with theoretical frameworks to come up with an argument supported by practical examples. Michael Jackson is a name that most people can recognise, whether young or old. Similarly, both men and women identify MJ as he is popularly known for his exhaustively lived 50 years. He was born in August 1958 and died 50 years later in June, 2009. He is famous for his influence in the pop music and dancing styles that have since been embraced. Michael Jackson climbed to become an international figure due to his dedicated work in the music industry. He had an enormous contribution in the arena of music and dance that made the world recognise him sincerely. Apparently, Jackson was born in a family that had a thing with music as he had several siblings sing along with him in what was known as Jackson 5. He did his career music in the year 1964 and about four decades late, the name Michael Jackson was known in every cranny of the society. He became an epitome of pop music. Even after his death, he

Hinduism Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hinduism Paper - Assignment Example Hinduism has its roots in India and dharma, which is their way of life, has similar beliefs that every follower should follow. The religion absorbs beliefs and practices from a variety in the world and incorporates them into their practices to make the unique religion. This absorption of ideas from various sources extends to a wide range of life issues, which guide the followers’ way of life. They share the same themes of ethics and duties, rebirth, right action, liberation from the cycle of rebirth. Hinduism shares common ethical standards and they believe in telling the truth and karma. Karma is the belief that people should act knowing that the same actions they do to others could happen to them later. Hinduism is deeply rooted on the cultural practices of the ancient days, and they believe that followers should ensure that they stick to the Hindu Dharma (Rood, 2008). This is because it lays down the actions to take for different life issues using the traditional beliefs th at their ancestors were practicing. Dharma is the pivotal law, which governs actions of every Hindu follower with their basic scriptures being the Shastras. 2 Hinduism is an ancient way of life and dates back to millions of years ago and its unique due to the fact that it has no founder. It also does not have a specific doctrine that governs how the followers should live, but its doctrines are associated with the place it originated, India. It has picked religious beliefs of people from different religions to come up with the Hindu umbrella. It originated from India and the cultural and society practices of people of ancient India are the core values that people from this religion practice. In 1500 BC, India was invaded by the indo-Aryan tribe, which took over the territories of the Mohenjo-Daro who were the main tribe in the area. These two tribes interconnected and they started sharing commo0n beliefs and practices with the first one being worship of goddesses and performing simil ar practices such as bathing in temples and performing yoga. As time progressed, they started forming idols of god’s of war which they could worship. The invasion of Sakas further transformed Hinduism and they started building temples, and came up with their sacred laws, which could govern their way of living. As time passed, the Hindus incorporated the practices of the time into their way of living, and they continued to gather a following over the years. They continuously took up the traditional practices they came across over time and altering them to fit into their religion, and this has continued to the present times. Today, their beliefs still have the ancient beliefs in their practices, and they believe that people are free to believe as they desire provided the actions are good. The cultural and societal practices such as worship of idols and reincarnation have survived over the years, and they are still under practice today. 3 People from all religions seek from eart hly liberation so that they can escape from earthly suffering, to continue into the after life, and for the purpose of spiritual blessings. However, Hindus do not believe that when people die they either go to heaven or hell. They believe in reincarnation and the way people live their lives determines what they will come back on earth as. They believe that when good people die, they will come back as good creatures, and when the bad people die, they come back as bad or

Students Learning Abilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Students Learning Abilities - Essay Example Students are often advised by teachers and other elders to study for examinations over a period of time, as opposed to ‘cramming’ on the day before a test. Experimental research shows that spacing, a process where information is acquired in small bits over a period of time, allows better retention of facts in memory than when massed learning is used, where it is attempted to absorb all the information in one short sitting. However, the practice of cramming continues- mainly because many students succeed in getting through their examinations by this practice.In the experiments on spaced learning cited above, rote-learning was emphasized on, and participants had to recall facts. The experiments involved testing only vocabulary or obscure facts, which occupy only a small part of education. Whether the subjects were interested or enthusiastic about memorizing these facts and words is not certain. Interest in a topic has been found to have a notable effect on memory and recal l. Thus, it would be interesting to discover if the benefit of spacing persists if the information to be learned is to be understood, not just memorized, and is of particular interest to the student. My hypothesis is that test scores will be significantly higher when the studying is spaced out over days rather than done right before the test, even when a student is highly interested and enthusiastic about a subject - provided that there are no other conditions that would affect test performance.... Thus, it would be interesting to discover if the benefit of spacing persists if the information to be learned is to be understood, not just memorized, and is of particular interest to the student. My hypothesis is that test scores will be significantly higher when the studying is spaced out over days rather than done right before the test, even when a student is highly interested and enthusiastic about a subject - provided that there are no other conditions that would affect test performance. This prediction is based on my observation that very good students who do well on exams usually begin preparing for tests well ahead of time. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of spacing on test results when the topic is of academic interest to the students. Methods This is an experimental study to determine the difference in test results when two different preparatory approaches are used. The independent study variable will be the type of studying routine that was used, and t he student’s status as being interested in Biology or not. The average test score of the group will be the dependent variable. An experimental design has been chosen in order to ensure that the test preparation time and preparatory material covered is similar and measurable for all the participants in a group. Biology has been chosen as the subject, as it involves reading and understanding, not just memorizing of facts, and is a topic which is highly interesting for some students, and the opposite for others. Various confounding factors could affect the results of this study. First, a group with a higher number of smarter students would have a higher average score. To control for this factor, participants will be assorted into the groups using stratification for

I'll upload them later Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

I'll upload them later - Essay Example This paper will discuss the positives and negatives of internet education which eventually affect learning. The primary reason why people opt for internet education is convenience. Students can manage their schedules at their most convenient time which allows them to learn at the pace they want. In addition, they can study anytime and anywhere they want (Obringer). This also enables learners to choose their most comfortable place of learning such as their home. Consequently, â€Å"time efficiency is another strength brought by the online learning format† (ion.uillinois.edu). Students save time and energy for travel and gas. For instance, when a student goes home from work and needs to do his homework, he does not have to travel to school in order to get his lessons and assignments. Instead, he can simply look for those in his school’s database and in just a few moments, be able to acquire the necessary information thus, saving time, gas and money for his travel if he studies at a university. Another positive result of internet education is synergy. There is an interaction among the group that is simply different in distance learning. It is a combination of minds from entirely different familial backgrounds and perhaps even various cultural backgrounds who could make the learning more interesting. Although having this kind of conglomeration of students in traditional classrooms may be easy nowadays, the interaction in distance learning could perhaps be better because the students are all encouraged to participate. Oftentimes, those who are enrolling in such programs are those who want to study but do not have enough time to go to traditional schools. Therefore, their desire to study and level of active participation is quite different. In relation to synergy, high quality dialog also benefits students. They can learn from other students’ ideas about certain subject matters and they can also react to those ideas. Their analytical skills are honed

A research paper about Toni Morrison's novel Beloved Essay

A research paper about Toni Morrison's novel Beloved - Essay Example Besides, Morrison also foregrounds the significance of storytelling and employs different narrative voices to reflect Sethe’s fragmented stories. This form of narration allows her to keep the reader interested and eager to know the unfolding of the story. Morrison’s allusion to â€Å"Sixty million and more† represents not only an acknowledgement but also a tribute to the millions of Africans that had to go through the Middle passage. The exact number of these people who underwent much suffering and pain will never be known; however, their memory will survive through their experiences and writings like Morrison’s and others that strive to keep the memory alive. This statement reveals: â€Å"Let us turn to Beloved, a Pulitzer Prize winning book set in antebellum America. Usually classified as a neo-slave narrative, it deals with slavery and the myriads of traumas inflicted by such a horrifying institution on the survivors† (Palladino 54). Through Seth e’s and her fellow slaves’ experiences, Morrison portrays the atrocities and evil these millions of slaves had to go through. Besides, this homage to those who experienced slavery has a deep connection with another number that begins the novel: â€Å"124 WAS SPITEFUL. Full of a baby's venom. ... Therefore, 124 has a special link with slavery not only because it was a house that offered refuge to runaway slaves but it also symbolizes the brutalities of slavery through the painful murder of Sethe’s baby. In fact, the missing figure (3) in the number represents Beloved, Sethe’s third child sacrificed through the devastation of slavery, but it also symbolizes all the victims who died in the sea or through of the atrocities of their enslavement. This critic informs: â€Å"The sequence 1 2 4 that misses the third figure, signifies the absence of Sethe’s third child: Sethe has four children, Howard, Buglar, the little killed baby, and Denver. Beloved has been excluded from the family, from life and from being enumerated among Sethe’s children; she has been left out and consciously forgotten for being a heavy and unbearable memory†(Palladino 57). Thus, this deliberate effort to forget Beloved represents an attempt to ignore the pain and suffering r elated to slavery. Moreover, Morrison uses an efficient writing strategy in order to expose the destructive nature of slavery. She carefully combines form and content in an attempt to foreground the brutalities of slavery and the trauma it caused its victims. Indeed, the first paragraph sets the tone of the story without telling explicitly what the real problem is. This style reflects Morrison’s effort to keep the reader interested and waiting. The narrator introduces the ghost without naming it: â€Å"As soon as two tiny hand prints appeared in the cake (that was it for Howard). Neither boy waited to see more; another kettleful of chickpeas smoking in a heap on the floor; soda crackers crumbled and strewn in a line next to the door sill. Nor did they wait

Relationship Between Trade And World Output Essay

Relationship Between Trade And World Output - Essay Example In the similar vein when countries export their surplus goods to the nations who need them in exchange of money or other goods, it helps them both to boost their production level. Therefore, increase in international trade underscores the growth of world output. Despite the fact that international trade and world output are so very closely related to each other, there has observably been greater increase in international trade than the world output (Motley, 2005). Grimwade (2000, p36) clarifies that, "a major consequence of the fact that trade has grown faster than output has been that economies have become more open and economically more interdependent". As a consequence of such rapid growth in international trade, countries have become more and more reliant on other countries for the fulfilment of their needs for products and services. Hence, international trade is growing at a much faster pace than that of the output. The pattern of international trade simply refers to how countries are involved in trading with each other and how this constitutes a share in the world trade (Motley, 2005). The broad pattern of international trade reflects the share of developed and underdeveloped countries in the world output as well as contribution of each country towards the growth of world trade. This pattern changes with respect to individual countries as the world trade grows, however, in the broader perspective the international trade pattern demonstrates a consistent trend. Grimwade (2000, p20) says that, "over two-thirds of world trade is accounted for by the developed countries, a share that has been broadly stable over the past thirty years". More of the world's trade is carried out between developed countries than the underdeveloped ones due to the reason that these countries tend to produce surplus goods that could be exported to others. It is also a fact that domestic industries of developed countries are stronger than that of the underdeveloped countries, which leads them to adopt free trade policy. This pattern of trade also depends upon a country's policy towards open and restricted trade. As more developed countries are proponents of free trade, the contribution of these countries in the world trade happens to be greater than the underdeveloped countries that tend to be protectionist with regard to trade. Restricted trade policies in the form of various trade barriers and quotas, as well as trade promotion policy, in the form of incentives and grants on particular commodities tend to greatly influence a country's international trade pattern. Consequences Of Ceasing International Trade As a result of increasing international trade, countries are becoming reliant on each other for the provision of necessary goods and services. Hence, the very idea of ceasing international trade activities will seem horrifying to many countries. Grimwade (2000, p25) illuminates that, "the much faster expansion of trade relative to output has also meant that those countries that have shared in the process, have become increasingly interdependent". Countries today, heavily depend upon each other for the fulfilment of their needs by means of foreign trade. Not only the developed countries rely on imports and exports, but the underdeveloped

Research on Hybrid Cars Essay Example for Free

Research on Hybrid Cars Essay I. Introduction: ? Overview Of The Project: This project is based on the latest technology in automobile (car) industry- HYBRID TECHNOLOGY. In this project we are going to discuss about the hybrid technology in cars, the impact of hybrid technology on Indian automobile (car) industry, the companies which have adopted and benefited through this technology and the findings the conclusion. ? Hybrid Technology: A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources to move the vehicle. Power sources include: ? On-board or out-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) ? Gasoline or Diesel fuel ? Hydrogen ? Compressed air ? Human powered e. g. pedaling or rowing ? Wind ? Compressed or liquefied natural gas ? Solar ? Coal, wood or other solid combustibles The term most commonly refers to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), which combine an internal combustion engine and one or more electric motors. ? HYBRID CARS: Hybrid cars are one among the promising types of new generation cars. In the present era, the motor vehicle industry is going through a transition phase, which is to meet the pace of the growing world. Cars are now become inevitable assistants for the travel and it is not uncommon to have 2 or 3 cars in a home. And, motor vehicles are now facing the next generation problems of the conventional cars. Moreover, many environmental and energy utilization issues are coming cross. Hybrid cars are developed with an intention to answer much of these questions, and the success of it in the road make it a favorite choice of many. Although any car, which has a combination of two different ideas can be called as a hybrid, but the cars, which combine two energy sources for its running is popularly named as hybrid car. To be simple, the conventional cars run on a single fuel source such as gasoline, petrol and diesel. The energy efficiency of the cars was insufficient to meet the future needs, in the highly energy depleting situation. The search for alternative resources is intensive and one of them, electric cars were a success, but its limitation was the inadequacy for a long drive and difficulty for frequent recharges. Hybrid cars were a better solution since it combines the benefits of both types of cars. Now, most of the hybrid cars use the engine that work in combination of gasoline and electricity. Hybrid cars are much appreciated by the experts because of its energy efficiency. As the car has two energy sources, the car will in effect, use up only reduced energy and the most beneficial attribute is that the batteries in the car for electrical transmission will be spontaneously charged, along with the working of the car. However, the success of the hybrid cars among the motorists relies on mainly on its performance on the road. Despite of the great fear, whether the new car could give out the performance as of a conventional car, hybrid car gave out adequate performance, with aid of its sophisticated technology and aerodynamic design. The utility of hybrid cars for the society was proved, when Government adopted particular measures for its promotion. Now, as part of its preferred usage, tax credits are available, which are changed yearly, according to the prevailing market conditions. Government was impressed with the two important advantages such as improved mileage and reduced tailpipe emissions, which can attribute low environmental pollution and reduced non renewable fuel consumption. Now many companies such as Toyota, Ford, Honda and Lexus are competing in the market of hybrid cars with their latest versions. Any how, a comparison of different models is advised before the purchase. Hybrid cars are thus the present phase of car industry. The advancements are going on continuously in its fuel selection and structure, to persist it to a future car, and motorists are looking forward to the best out of it. ? History of Hybrid Vehicles The history of hybrid cars dates back to the late 1800s and 1900s. In 1905, Mr. H Piper filed a patent for a gasoline engine-electric motor powertrain. According to him, the electric motor would augment a gasoline engine, allowing a vehicle to accelerate from zero to 25 miles an hour in 10 seconds, much faster than the gasoline engines of that time. Ironically, when finally Mr. H Piper was granted the patent a few years later, normal engines were capable of producing the same kind of acceleration. Due to rapid advancements in the gasoline engine, the popularity of a hybrid car slowly diminished untill again in the early to mid 1970s, the time of oil crisis. Many companies poured funds to build experimental Hybrid Electric Vehicles. But as the oil became available again, the surge for HEVs died down immediately. The Europeans and Japanese researching on reducing production costs and making HEVs more salable. Companies like Toyota, Honda, Volkswagen, Mitsubishi came up with ways to reduce emissions and better the mileage. Toyota introduced the Prius in 1997 (in Japan and in 2000 in the US) which proved to be a huge success. Recent sales figures indicate that well over 300,000 units of Toyota Prius have been sold the world over justifying the concept of a clean family car. In 1999, Honda introduced its first production hybrid car, the Insight and then the Civic Hybrid in 2002. Ford came up with the first hybrid SUV, the Escape, which hit the road in 2004. Quick on their path are several other contestants such as Dodge with their hybrid pickup, the Ram, and chevrolets Silverado. ? How Hybrid Cars Work? Hybrid Cars integrate the power of the conventional gasoline engine with that of an electric motor. A high powered battery pack provides energy to the motor which itself gets recharged when the car is decelerating. This is called as regenerative braking. The gas engine can also assist the battery in recharging. This kills the need to plug the car to an external source of energy. As of now, there are two types of hybrid vehicles. In one type, the electric motor acts as a side-kick to the gas engine, assisting it whenever surplus power is needed. The electric motor alone is incapable of independently operating the vehicle. Hondas Power Assist technology in its hybrids, Civic and Insight is an example. Such vehicles are termed as Mild Hybrids. In mild hybrids, the gasoline engine provides the main source of power, and the electric motor provides additional power whenever needed. The second type of hybrid can be termed as a Full Hybrid, where the gasoline engine and the electric motor can operate the vehicle saperately. In this type, the electric motor can drive the vehicle at lower speeds. In need of more speed, the gasoline engine kicks in. The Toyota Prius and the Ford Escape implement the same techonology. Be it mild hybrids or full hybrids, both are capable of providing lower emissions and better fuel efficiency. The Internal-Combustion Engines (both gasoline and diesel) installed in Hybrid cars are often smaller than those in normal cars for a simple reason that Hybrids have the electric motor for assistance. The motor can take care of city travel which poses stop and go conditions as well as power-consuming add-ons such as the A/C or power-windows and power-steering. At high speeds, the gasoline engine supplies power. This switching of power sources is computer controled and nothing needs to be manually done. Power to the electric motor comes from the battery-pack. Recharging of the battery is automatic and need not be done by external sources. When the car is in uniform motion or when it is decelerating, it generates power which charges the batteries which utilises the valuable kinetic energy. As with any other battery, the Hybrid car battery also has a limited life span. Auto makers however, put the battery life at around 200,000 miles which roughly comes around to 7-8 years, depending on the kind of travel it endures. Thus, It pays to take extra care of your vehicle and travel when necessary. ? Hybrid Car Technology: With the prices of gasoline and fuel always on the increase, car manufacturers have today found a new form of car technology that is fuel efficient and low in pollution. This technology is called the hybrid car technology where the cars have a rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) found in the vehicle, along with some fuel propulsion source. Hybrid cars don’t produce much pollution and consumes minimal fuel; and its different propulsion systems have either common parts or systems. Hybrid cars are generally designated to vehicles running on a combination of petroleum and electricity. These vehicles are called hybrid-electric vehicles where electric cells are used to power electric engines, along with an internal combustion engine. The advantage of these cars is that they sort of extend their battery charge through the kinetic energy they catch in regenerative braking. Moreover when such cars cruise, or move on a small thrust, the combustion engine generates energy with the running of a second electric motor. This is done to either recharge the battery or to provide energy to the motor for driving the car. This is unlike the conventional electrical cars where they avail of their battery charge through external sources like the grid. Today, most of the hybrid cars run on either gasoline or diesel as their main energy source while there are some cases where other fuels like ethanol or plant based oils are used too. There are also some cars that use hydrogen fuel. Sometimes, hybrid cars are also referred to the cars that are flexible-fuel vehicles where they run on a combination of different fuels like gasoline and ethanol alcohol fuel. The main reason people prefer to use hybrid cars is because of its hybrid technology of a combination of technologies. With this, a lot of gas fuel is saved which is of course, beneficial to the car buyer. With the passage of time, hybrid car technology has improved in the different hybrid cars. This is because with time, hybrid cars have also become popular and the manufacturers have been working on more means to make the car more feasible to the prospective car buyer. With hybrid car technology, the motion of the car is designed in such a way that the engines in these cars have a smaller size that is used when drifting and driving leisurely. It is usually the battery source that provides the additional power like going uphill or accelerating whenever needed. To couple things, when the hybrid car is stopped, the hybrid fuel engine gets switched off to run off the electric motor. Hybrid cars are built lighter and are designed more aerodynamically for better speed. And its tires are usually stiffer and have a higher inflation so that the drag of the car is reduced. So it can be seen that with hybrid car technology, a car has become more efficient. Though the rates of these cars may initially be a bit high, they are very much worth it in the long run during its lifespan. ? Hybrid Car Pro and Cons. The pros and cons of hybrid car is one of the widely discussed topics since hybrid car is a trend among the new generation vehicles. Hybrid car is the type of car, which utilizes two different energy sources to meet the energy requirement. Even though the hybrid technology was prevailing for many purposes such as train engines and submarines, its well-liked use among the people was begun only with the incorporation of the idea in the motor vehicles. Hybrid car became soon accepted among the customers, however, its increased popularity arise the need for a cross analysis since it is a fact that every factor will have two sides. ? Pros of Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid cars carry with them a bundle of advantages. o Hybrids combine clean energy of the electrical motor with the power of the gas-powered engine which results into lower emissions and better mileage. o Thanks to the ever improving technology, hybrids perform at par with the normal ga-powered vehicles, if not better. o Hybrids are reliable and comfortable as any traditional car and they have a tax benefits(only till 2006). o There are purchase incentives for Hybrid vehicle owners (varies by state). o Hybrids are much cleaner cars than normal vehicles with lesser CO and other greenhouse gas emissions. o Hybrids provide a better mileage. o The future for hybrids looks bright with rapid developments in hybrid technology to improve engine efficiency. o Due to the Regenerative Braking technology, the batteries need not be charged by an external source. o o Special warranties are provided for the battery pack, the electric motor other costly items. o Hybrids help reduce the dependency on fossil fuels which directely affects fuel prices. Hybrid cars are often refereed to as the ‘car of the era’. The unique advantages of the hybrid car will be sole basis for such recognition in the market. The motor industry was always in the effort to develop most beneficial model and the disadvantages of the conventional model might be the triggering factor for the formation of advantageous models. Usually, anything to be considered as advantageous will make benefit only to its owner, and to the maximum, the family of the owner. The specialty of the hybrid car enhances in this situation since its advantages can attribute benefit to not only the owner or his family, but to the entire society, nation and the mankind. The advantages of the hybrid car start right from its difference in the basic pattern. Hybrid car is type of car that utilizes two energy sources for its movement. The popular hybrid cars in the market are manufactured in such a manner to combine the benefits of an internal combustion engine and electrical motor. The shortening level of gasoline in the world as it is a non-renewable energy was the major drawback of the conventional cars, which was rectified in the electrical cars, but it also had its own disadvantages. The advantage of the hybrid car is that it can rectify the complaints in the both systems and balances the use of electrical energy and gasoline engine, in their optimum levels. In the hybrid car, the electrical energy is used while starting up of the car and its low speed ranges, which will help to impart a check to the tail pipe emissions. As the automobiles is increasing, world is at the threat of toxic pollutants and global warming, due to their exhaust ingredients. The decrease in the tail pipe emission will be a great advantage for the environment as well as the society. However, gasoline engine will take up the transmission, when the speed goes up since, it is essential to attribute the pace for the drive. While the traffic stops and steep slopes the electrical energy will be again activated, which will help to reduce the gasoline utilization. The aerodynamic design, lighter materials and smoother tyre will help for better energy consumption. The striking technological advantage of the hybrid car is that the energy loss, while braking is re-channeled for the electrical battery charging, called as regenerative braking, and a separate energy for battery charging is not required. The advantages of the hybrid car are multifaceted since it attributes economical, technical and economical benefits. Despite of the owner, the country as well as, is benefited from the gasoline saving as the oil prices are steeping very high, and its effects the country’s whole economy. This advantage is also a benefit to the customer as government has decided to give reductions and tax credits for the hybrid car buying. In addition to Federal exemption certain states also provide local exemptions to promote the use of hybrid car. Hybrid car is thus an advantageous car, which helps to over come much of the crisis related to the motor world. ? Disdvantages Of Hybrid Cars Hybrid cars, though useful, have some disadvantages. The point to be noted here is that the advantages far exceed the disadvantages. o High cost: hybrids cost anywhere from $2,000 to $5,000 more their non-Hybrid versions. o More weight due to battery packs. o Some states charge additional fees for registration. o In the event of an unfortunate accident, there is a risk of exposure to high voltage wires. o They have a complicated system which needs to be taken care of by experienced mechanics only. o Spare parts maybe hard to find and may be costly. o Usually, hybrids have a lower acceleration than that their normal counterparts. II. INDUSTRY PROFILE: ? HYBRID TECHNOLOGY IN INDIAN AUTOMOBILE (CAR) INDUSTRY: ? INDIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY AN OVERVIEW: The manufacturing of automobiles commenced in India 60 years ago, since then, the journey of the Indian Automotive industry can be classified into three main phases. Touching upon them briefly: The first phase till mid 1980s could be termed as one of protection for the Indian automotive industry. There were restrictions on the manufacturing and import of automobiles and the Indian automobile market was a seller’s market. The second phase, post 1991, could be termed as a phase of liberalization as the Indian automotive market was the beneficiary of the opening up of India’s economy. This phase was marked by the entry of foreign automobile players and increase in the availability of automotive financing. The Indian automotive market became a buyer’s market during this phase. Coinciding with the second wave of liberalization, the third phase from early 2000 till date could be termed as a phase of globalization of the Indian automotive industry. This phase has been marked by the removal of most import controls, entry of many more foreign players in the Indian automotive market and Indian companies gaining a global identity and acquiring foreign companies. The year 2008 is an important year for the Indian automobile industry. Today, the Indian automobile industry is ranked first in the world in the production of three wheelers, second in the production of two wheelers, fourth in the production of commercial vehicles and ninth in the production of passenger vehicles. With a production of nearly 10. 8 million vehicles in FY07-08, the Indian automotive industry has shown an outstanding resilience after the last down cycle about a decade back. In the last few years, the Indian automotive industry has grown at a healthy rate by reducing costs and improving efficiency. With its new found confidence, it has gone beyond the shores of India and is creating a noteworthy footprint in different geographies in the world. The Indian automotive market with a healthy growth rate of 13% in the last 7 years was a source of attraction to many foreign automobile companies whose entry in the Indian market not only increased competition, but also raised customer expectations about product quality and reliability. This forced the Indian companies to introduce new and interesting products and innovation has now become a noteable feature of the Indian automotive industry. The innovation story of the Indian automotive industry would not be complete without mentioning the NANO, which has evoked worldwide interest, curiosity and confidence in the competency of Indian talent. It has not only brought the automobile industry, but also India into focus. The NANO and other similar products have the potential to change the paradigm of the automotive industry worldwide. To maintain a high rate of growth, retain the attractiveness of the Indian market and to further enhance competitiveness in the market place, the Indian automotive industry has been working in a collaborative manner with the government and has drafted an Automotive Mission Plan 2006-16. Some of the key initiatives which have been pursued as per the Automotive Mission Plan include: †¢ Establishment of National Automotive Testing and RD Infrastructure development Project (NATRIP) †¢ Initiatives for creation and fulfillment of automotive demand †¢ Initiatives towards the betterment of society and the environment, and †¢ Initiatives to become a catalyst for generating an additional 25 million jobs. In the last five years, sales in various segments of the Indian automobile market have grown at a healthy rate of 15% to 27 %. This growth provided encouragement to various players and nearly Rs 78,000 crores of investment has been planned, out of which more than 50% has already been committed. However, today the Indian automotive industry is facing unprecedented challenges. On one hand, demand is shrinking because of the lack of availability of consumer finance, high interest rates and the high cost of fuel, and on the other, cost of input materials has witnessed massive increases. e. g. in the last two years, steel price has increased by almost 40%, copper prices are up by 45%, natural rubber has risen by 40% . The impact of steel price increase alone on various segments of automobiles is quite significant. These factors are having a catastrophic impact on the bottom line of the Indian automotive industry and are resulting in withdrawal, scaling down or deferment of capital investment which would hurt the objectives of the Automotive Mission Plan in the long run. Two other long term challenges are faced by the Indian automotive industry. The first one is climate change due to global warming which would have an impact on all. Contribution of carbon dioxide emissions giving rise to global warming by various sectors are Public Electricity and Heat Production: 53% Manufacturing Industries Construction21% Internal transportation (Road,rail,air)12% Others14% (Source: International Energy Agency-2005 Report based on 2001 data for India) Reduction in carbon dioxide emission would require a holistic and an integrated approach. However, the automotive industry is aware of its 10% contribution and is conscious and determined to pursue initiatives to reduce the same. This could be implemented by adopting an integrated and a partnership approach. Some of the initiatives that would reduce carbon dioxide emissions include introduction of new and more fuel efficient vehicles, a mandatory inspection and maintenance regime, the removal of old vehicles as they contribute to a larger portion of carbon dioxide emissions, efficient traffic management, use of alternative fuels like CNG, LPG, bio-diesel etc and the introduction of electric vehicles / hybrid. The second challenge which the Indian automotive industry is facing today is in attracting and nurturing talented manpower not only for the creation of better and reliable products but also for servicing and maintenance throughout the life cycle of the product. More than 60% of the additional 25 million jobs that is projected to get created as per the Automotive Mission Plan, would be in the skilled category. ? INDIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY AND HYBRID TECHNOLOGY: [pic] ? WHY HYBRIDS IN INDIA: [pic] [pic] [pic] CONCLUSION: [pic] III. COMPANIES PROFILE: Hybrid technology has become a latest trend in the automotive industry. There are a number of companies which have adopted this technology. The list of the companies which have launched their hybrid vehicles are: ? TATA ? Hyundai ? Honda ? Mahindra Mahindra ? Ford ? Toyota ? BMW ? Nissan Motors A brief profile of these companies and their hybrid car versions are discussed in the following pages: [pic] ? COMPANY OVERVIEW: The Hyundai Motor Company, a division of the Hyundai Kia Automotive Group, is South Korea’s largest and the world’s fifth largest automaker in terms of units sold per year. Headquartered in Seoul, Hyundai operates the world’s largest integrated automobile manufacturing facility in Ulsan, which is capable of producing 1. 6 million units annually. The Hyundai logo, a slanted, stylized H, is said to be symbolic of two people (the company and customer) shaking hands. In 1998, after a shake-up in the Korean auto industry caused by overambitious expansion and the Asian financial crisis, Hyundai acquired rival Kia Motors. In 2000, the company established a strategic alliance with DaimlerChrysler and severed its partnership with the Hyundai Group. In 2001, the Daimler-Hyundai Truck Corporation was formed. In 2004, however, DaimlerChrysler divested its interest in the company by selling its 10. 5 percent stake for $900 million. Hyundai has invested in manufacturing plants in the North America, China, Pakistan, India, and Turkey as well as research and development centers in Europe, North America, and Japan. In 2004, Hyundai Motor Company had $57. 2 billion in sales in South Korea making it the country’s second largest corporation, or chaebol. Worldwide sales in 2005 reached 2,533,695 units, an 11 percent increase over the previous year. Hyundai has set as its 2006 target worldwide sales of 2. 7 million units (excluding exports of CKD kits). Hyundai motor vehicles are sold in 193 countries through some 5,000 dealerships and showrooms. After a recent survey of global automotive sales by Automotive News, Hyundai is now the tenth largest automaker in the world in 2007. [5] Hyundai Motor Company’s brand power continues to rise as it was ranked 72nd in the 2007 Best Global Brands by Interbrand and Business Week survey. Brand value estimated at $4. 5 billion. Public perception of the Hyundai brand has been transformed as a result of dramatic improvements in the quality of Hyundai vehicles. ? HYBRIDS IN HYUNDAI: Hyundai plans to begin producing hybrid electric vehicles in 2009. The Avante will be the first vehicle to be produced. Since 2004, Hyundai has supplied about 3,000 hybrid versions of its Getz and Accent small cars to government fleets as part of a testing program. The automaker cites a lack of local tax benefits for purchasing hybrids as a barrier to its hybrid development program. But Hyundai expects the tax situation to change in 2009. The new hybrid electric Sonata will make its debut at the Los Angeles International Auto Show in November 2008. Hyundai expects to release it in the U. S. market in 2010, featuring lithium-ion battery technology ? HYUNDAI HYBRIDS IN INDIA: Hyundai is getting increasingly aggressive these days. If Genesis sedan assault wasnt enough, Hyundai is now seriously looking at another Japanese stronghold, the Hybrids. The company is planning to go full steam in developing its own hybrid technology. The company will start off with the hybrid variants of Accent, Sonata and Avante sedan while the research and development center in India will be given the go ahead to develop the technology for small cars. Currently, Hyundai provides Verna (Accent) hybrid models to government agencies as pilot projects. The plan is to expand the line-up to mid-sized sedans and beyond for mass production, starting from 2009. Seok San Jang, a senior vice president for Hyundai’s international business operations saysâ€Å"We have been slow in the field so far but have aggressive plans given the fact that high oil prices have made hybrids almost a necessity now. From next year, we will sell hybrid cars in Korea and by 2010 we will be selling them all over the world, India is our hub for small cars and hybrids for smaller cars will also eventually come from there. † ? HYUNDAI HYBRID MODELS: |[pic] |[pic] | |HYUNDAI ACCENT |HYUNDAI GETZ | [pic] ? COMPANY OVERVIEW: Tata Motors Limited, formerly known as TELCO (TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company), is a multinational corporation headquartered in Mumbai, India. It is Indias largest passenger automobile and commercial vehicle manufacturing company. Part of the Tata Group, and one of the worlds largest manufacturers of commercial vehicles. The OICA ranked it as the worlds 20th largest automaker, based on figures for 2006. Tata Motors was established in 1945, when the company began manufacturing locomotives. The company manufactured its first commercial vehicle in 1954 in collaboration with Daimler-Benz AG, which ended in 1969. Tata Motors was listed on the NYSE in 2004, and by 2005 it was ranked among the top 10 corporations in India with an annual revenue exceeding INR 320 billion. In 2004, it bought Daewoos truck manufacturing unit, now known as Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicle, in South Korea. It also, acquired a 21% stake in Hispano Carrocera SA, giving it controlling rights in the company. Tata Motors launched their much awaited Tata Nano, noted for its Rs 100,000 price-tag, in January 2008. In March 2008, it finalised a deal with Ford Motor Company to acquire their British Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) business, which also includes the Rover, Daimler and Lanchester brand names. The purchase was completed on 2 June 2008 Tata Motors has its manufacturing base in Jamshedpur, Pantnagar, Lucknow, Ahmedabad and Pune. ? HYBRIDS IN TATA The world’s cheapest car, Tata Nano, may also turn out to be world’s cheapest hybrid version as well. Tata Motors intends to offer micro-hybrid version of Tata Nano with micro-hybrid technology that allows the vehicle to reduce fuel consumption and emissions by up to 10 percent. According to a leading Indian news channel, Bosch shall provide the micro-hybrid technology to Nano also known as Start-Stop System. This system allows the engine to automatically turn off when the vehicle is not moving. This additional technology may cost another Rs. 4000 to Rs. 6000 to the overall cost but this technology is definitely the cheapest hybrid technology most suitable for the world’s cheapest car. Most of the countries around the world are getting stricter with fuel consumption and emission norms including Europe and the US. This micro-hybrid technology can b deployed to the vehicles at much lower cost than full hybrid systems. The micro-hybrid technology will also be available in diesel and electric variants of Nano. [pic] TATA NANO [pic] ? COMPANY OVERVIEW: Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW), (English: Bavarian Motor Works) is an independent German automobile manufacturer founded in 1916. It also produces motorcycles, is the owner of the MINI brand and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. ? HYBRIDS IN BMW: ? BMW H6 ACTIVE HYBRID: BMW ActiveHybrid is a particular highlight of BMW EfficientDynamics, BMWs trendsetting development strategy for todays world. Introducing this technology, BMW is taking the next step in the ongoing reduction of fuel consumption and emissions. BMW ActiveHybrid is based on a modular concept following the strategy of Best of Hybrid to integrate the most appropriate, optimum components in each case in different concepts. The concept is running a new BMW drivetrain that integrates the batteries, electronics systems and power inverter all within the transmission. Compared with the non-hybrid model, the new Active Hybrid is said to improve fuel-economy by up to 20%. The two-mode hybrid system, co-developed with General Motors and DaimlerChrysler, uses twin electric motors which can either be used to boost acceleration, charge the batteries or as a generator to mutually power each other. The two-mode active transmission is based on an ECVT electrical continuously variable transmission. The two operating modes, one of which has been optimised for low, the other for high speeds, are supplemented by fixed transmission ratios. Fitting in with BMW’s new EfficientDynamics focus, the modular hybrid system can be easily adapted to other models and should make its way across more cars in coming years. [pic] BMW X6 ACTIVE HYBRID ? BMW DIESEL X5 HYBRID VERSION: BMW will be presenting a new eco-friendly concept touting the latest in EfficientDynamics technology at the upcoming Geneva Motor Show. BMW has given a preview of the upcoming concept, a twin-turbo diesel X5 with a hybrid system. As has been the trend in Europe of late, carmakers are developing ultra-efficient hybrid models by combining frugal diesel engines with electric powertrains. BMW X5 SUV is fitted with a 2. 0L turbodiesel and the carmaker’s mild ActiveHybrid technology plus an eight-speed automatic gearbox and even roof-mounted solar panels. All of these technologies combine to deliver the best fuel economy and lowest emissions of any fullsize SUV currently on sale. The BMW Vision EfficientDynamics delivers 43. 5mpg on the combined cycle and just 172g/km of CO2 emissions. Despite its green credentials, the X5 ActiveHybrid is no slouch. Output from the diesel stands at 204hp and 400Nm of torque, and the hybrid systems adds a further 20hp and 210Nm of torque under acceleration.

Implementation And Advantages Transformational Leadership In Nursing

Implementation And Advantages Transformational Leadership In Nursing Transformational leadership is a leadership approach that brings value and positive change to the followers with the ultimate goal of transforming those same followers into great leaders. Accordingly, this style of leaderships main goal is to convert the followers into great leaders, in addition to providing guidelines for success. The leader in this style, on all occasions, has words of motivation for the followers that heightens moral for the reason of producing a higher level of performance. There are many advantageous ways of inspiring the group. To begin with, the leader is to associate with the identity of the follower. By asking to questions: Who are they? What are their goals in life? What kind of background do you have? A transformational leader finds out all the pertinent information about their potential leaders and uses those specifics to generate the transformations. For this purpose, the leader is always perceived as a good role model to the group. The leader inspires them to be the best they can be and on all occasions, challenges them when needed. All things considered, the leader understands and is aware of all their weaknesses so the future leaders can be up for the challenge and optimize their performance. In conclusion, the followers of this style must possess charisma, idealized influence and stimulation, so the end result can be the finished task. This style promotes new direction that allows the followers to successfully execute the assignments on their own. Being a transformational leader is somewhat challenging but the rewards are endless. Laissez-Faire leadership is best defined as a non-authoritative style of leadership. Laissez-Faire, is French which means allow to pass, or let go. Accordingly, this leadership explains why the leaders possess no control, as they try to have the least amount of involvement as possible. The leaders maintain the belief that if people are left alone they will excel in their own time. Consequently, these leaders allow their team to be responsible for the own outcomes, with no intervention or assistance from management. The Laissez-Faire style is only effective if the members are skilled, prideful, experienced and highly educated. In addition, this style is not for employees who need constant supervision, and always need a pat on the back for a job well done. All things considered, in the interest of nurses, the majority of the time, nurses will have no leadership or direction from upper management. In the event of an emergency, there is no time for calling for assistance or direction. The implementation of the nursing process has got to be immediate with no intervention from management until problem has been alleviated. For this reason, this style is not effective for nurses that lack experience, are unable to function on their own and need constant interaction with their preceptor. The manager, as I stated earlier, is nowhere to be found, so you must be a self started and motivated by your own means to work with this style of leadership. The first quality of a good leader is that he has passion for the craft and challenges you to be the best that you can be at whatever you do. If things are made easy or handed to you, you will not work as hard to accomplish it. You are already aware of the outcome and it is always in your favor. A good leader challenges the highest level of ability and expects the best from you. He expects you to put your best foot forward, consequently rewarding you when you have done your best. A good leader always sets a good example because he leads by example. If your leader is unprepared, unmotivated, has no confidence and has lost his passion then you will be the same way. Your leader strives to be number one, because he expects the same determination from you. A good leader finds ways to keep his team motivated and you will benefit from his experience. In addition, a good leader offers a complete explanation of the job to be done, as well as clear and concise directions so that you will successfully do a great job the first time. A good leader wants his team to be successful with every task because that reflects back on him. A good leader praises a teams good work and offers ways to improve on the jobs that were not as successful. In any case, one of the traits of a good leader is he is always visible. In order to provide strong leadership he needs to have a strong visual presence with the workers. They need to see him in the middle of a task working alongside them getting the job done. He needs to be available for questions, comments and general discussions. He needs to be in the forefront so that the followers can have him at their disposal when needed. Furthermore, another trait of a successful leader is consistency. Keeping a working, supervisory relationship is the key. People will come to you for leadership and guidance and must receive direction consistency on a daily basis. Also, it is important not to let your personal feelings cloud your decisions. Stay focused on the situation or issue, not on any one particular person. Many times leaders are connected with some workers more than others. Leaders must never let the working relationships change their response. All employees musts be treated equally with the same amount of fairness and respect. Showing favoritism hampers the fluidity of the working process. Above all, leaders must include employees in the problems solving process. When leaders include their followers in the troubleshooting process, it makes them feel like an important part of the team. By keeping all lines of communication open, encouraging input for improvement and change, will set the team apart. The leader improves the team by listening to them, discussing and challenging their skills while complementing on jobs well done. Simultaneously, setting the tone for the work environment, coming from an optimistic leader, can excite and motivate the team to perform the best job possible. Confidence, exhibited by leadership, can be contagious, as employees feed off the tone set by leadership. A good leader is encouraged to show gratitude for a job well done, and encouraged to thank all whom were involved. Incidentally, many times leaders make mistakes they are human beings just like everyone else. They, like all people, are not perfect and will make mistakes, while the good leader admits to those errors. Every team member will have more respect for the leader if they are open and honest about all events. Honesty is always and forever the best policy. By the same token, sometimes leaders make the mistake of putting business before people. A good leader always make sure his followers feel like they are a active part of the team and that all the information they present is just as important as any other member. On the contrary, my preceptor Mrs. McKenzie is a wonderful leader. She is always ready to teach you something new and has the confidence that you will do a good job. She is a good leader because she does not have the Im the teacher, youre the student attitude. She is always open to suggestions and answers the many questions that I have for her each and every time I am in clinic. When there is a code or another stressful situation she never loses control. Mrs. McKenzie is full of useful information for both me and the doctor. Ms Angela, the charge nurse over the emergency room, seems cold and stuffy but when in action she wants the students to be involved in all aspects of patient care. She goes as far as informing the medical doctor on duty that they have a student and makes sure you are in the middle of everything that comes thru the emergency room. Correspondingly, on my clinical rotations, the most positive trait brought to my attention, is one of teamwork. When a new patient is admitted, no matter who is assigned to that patient, all the nurses converge on the room and make sure the core nurse has everything she needs. For this purpose, one nurse starts the IV, one nurse disrobes the patient, one nurse applies the ECG leads and the other starts the initial assessment along with the vital signs. Nevertheless, as the student, if you dont confidently move fast and be quick on your feet, you will miss out on all important experiences. Students need positive role models and feedback to make certain that what they see and experience in their nursing rotations, make them a competent nurse throughout their entire career. The nurses on my rotation worked like a well oiled machine and made sure that the patient as well as the family had all they needed and were comfortable with the care we were providing. Many things make you a reliable nurse but I believe proper training and education play a large role in being able to perform effectively, thus increasing reliability. The negative traits that I have observed is some nurses do not want to have a student or a nurse in orientation for that matter. They forget that at one time they were a student or a new nurse on the job. They just want to have less interference as possible to make their day go by. You are not allowed to ask them any questions or be in their patients room. I have observed nurses not always using the proper techniques for different duties around the hospital. They are not washing their hands between patients, not using sterile technique when necessary and sometimes just over looking hospital protocol all together. The one negative trait that I will never possess is that I will never be a nurse because of the pay. I will always be the kind of nurse that loves nursing and that is why I do it every day. I will never forget where I came from and treat someone like they are less than me because they work in a different area than me. I will never be the type of nurse that speaks negatively about a medical doctor or a nurse in front of the patient or anyone else for that matter. I will always have respect for my leaders in nursing even when they dont have it for me. However, I will be the nurse that pulls then to the side to try to get the problem worked out instead of working with hostility daily. All things considered, I am a transformational leader. I work well with others, am trained and highly motivated with everything I do. I love to see people do well under the title they work. I always try to be a good example and promote nothing but positive attitudes in the work place. I provide the guidelines and would allow the employees to do what they do. I like this style because it utilizes the skills that you know your employees already possess, that makes them into their own leaders. My peers come to me for advice on a daily basis because they know that I really have a no-nonsense attitude when I am working towards something. I offer strong but friendly words of advice and never sugar coat anything to them. When a plan needs to be made normally I am the one who implements the stages. To my friends I am a strong leader because I get it done and take no excuses. Now will that make me a good RN? I hope so, but time will only tell. An RN has to be a strong selfless leader who never turns down a challenge unless it is unsafe for the patients. Always ready to give the right information when needed and always learning new things every day. I was never given the opportunity to be the team leader, but had it happened I am confident I would have handled it in a very professional manner. I would have made sure that I referenced back to the BON website when I was unsure about delegation and my scope of practice as a nurse. My personal philosophy is I believe that nursing is a profession that uses the criteria Pavalko used to define the eight dimensions of a profession. It shows that nursing has relevance to social values, education, self-motivation, a code of ethics, commitment to lifelong work, a theoretical framework, and there is a common identity. Additionally, how the ADN prepared professional nurse has many roles, such as a caregiver, teacher, advocate, manager, colleague, and expert. It is my opinion nursing is a remarkably rewarding profession that consists of various obstacles that are triumphed over in order to pave the way for a rewarding and honorable future. There are many significant achievements accomplished by nurses in todays society including the values instilled in our social lives, as well as the education attained by individuals in order to seize the ability to give great care to the community. I believe it takes a unique type of person with a great deal of motivation and ambition to be capable of performing as a caretaker for others. It is crucial to believe in what you are doing by always using superior judgment, and by following the Code of Ethics in each decision you make in your working institution or at home with friends and family. Using the term Career in regards to nursing seems to be an understatement of my outlook on this astounding health care position, I have always considered this opportunity as a permanent gratifying commitment not on ly to myself, but to all of those whom rely on my specialized training and care for their well being. Although maybe not suitable for each person, nursing is a profession of choice for general public to apply themselves to if they so desire. There are numerous different regulations and system policies the nurses adhere to in order to maintain safety and quality care for all people. I believe nursing colleagues may be able to unite as one group with the same values in their trade in order to work harder on leading by example, and following each others strategies as well; furthermore, overcoming the obstacles of modern day traditional standards and excelling beyond the current generations outlook of the nursing profession. Nursing leadership and management is crucial in the foundation of nursing care. There is a direct correlation between leadership and quality of care. Â   Poor nursing leadership leads to poor patient outcome and, inversely, good nursing leadership leads to excellent patient outcomes. I believe that a profession has a commitment to a lifelong work because you get involved in your establishment. It is very hard for me to think of leaving the nursing field, or the hospital I work in now, because there are so many people relying on me for my knowledge of this hospital. I have grown attached to those I work for and with. The rules of this hospital differ from others and after familiarizing myself in such depth here I could not just leave in hopes of finding another place to be so comfortable or appreciated. However, in todays generation many nurses do not feel the same way. There are many nurses that choose to work short term in one hospital and then leave to work in another facility. Due to this constant battle for hospitals and other health care provider facilities to keep continuous adequate nursing staff, the United States has had to find other means of populating our health care systems. For instance, According to the American Hospital Association, 17% of hospita ls recruit from abroad to fill nursing vacancies. New Trends in foreign Nurse Recruitment, Texas Nursing Voice, April, May, June 2008. That says to me we really need to start more nursing schools and helping the people who are already working in the medical field to move up to nursing and make a solid career move. The most important thing I learned from this paper and from my clinical experience is that every member of the team really holds the same amount of importance. There is no one person that is more important than the other. If there is no team work involved there is no team. Being a good nurse not only takes excellent training but it takes compassion for the job. There is always something you can improve and many new things to learn. This new role is going to be somewhat of a challenge but with continued hard work I know I can get it done. I have learned to never be afraid of the unknown, just do your best to figure it out and make it work in your favor. In addition I learned that being a part of a team although very important, being an individual is even more important. Do not allow other peoples negative views cloud your judgment. As a new nurse everyone is trying to recruit you to their team or to their way of thinking. My preceptor has always told me to stand on my own two feet and whatever decision I make in my career I need to make sure that I am comfortable with it and that it satisfies the job. I have learned to always keep patient safety first and treat the patient as I would want a member of my family treated. Nursing is a rewarding profession physically, mentally and in spirit. Throughout my years in the nursing profession I have observed many challenging circumstances with a wide variety of remarkable people. All individuals, at some stage in their lives, will seek medical attention. During these times of need each person desires to find comfort in the ones looking over them. People need a doctor that is aware of their si tuation and that has a plan of overcoming the quandary the patient is in. These same individuals interact with nurses recurrently and find relief in their understanding and ability to console the patients during the period of their predicament. The major social value of the contributing nurses is, at times, overpowering. With so many people all over the world constantly struggling to endure their circumstances it is evident of how valuable the medical skills are and the people who provide them.

Usage and Benefit of a PEST analysis

Usage and Benefit of a PEST analysis PEST is general analysis as external macro environment that will affect to the firm and the company. In the analysis, the macro environment is identifying of the opportunities and threats will affect the outcomes and organizational plan and means and the situation due to the control of political, economic, social and technological forces. With regards to this, can say that is the proper term to these factors. However, changes in  the macroeconomic environment  can  create the new markets of chances and the articles are sometimes   to  construct  a more affirmative analysis of  the term PEST. Macro environment is that many country-specific needs and interests of the implementation for all the countries. In the following are the examples of the factors will considered in the PEST analysis. For examples, political factors, economic factors, social factors and technology factors. Usage and Benefit of PEST The decision making of organization in the management will affect by many factors in macro environment. Examples of macro environment change as employment law changes, economic recession, tax changes, government policy changes, international trade regulation, changes in exchange rates, changes in trade policy, income distribution and demographic changes as population, gender or composition. To analysis those factors as PEST model, as below: Political factor is due to the degree of intervention economy as government policy. Futhermore, also due to the government need to provide what kind of the good services or product to consumer and the subsidizing firms is belong to what level of it and the priorities which in the term of business support known as important role. Political factor can affect many business area such as dictates the legal regulation as government impact the business with the taxation policy such as the price of goods and services will be rises when there is no tax on that or the company profile will direct be taxable, the health of the international as government must pass and force the laws to regarding the label and packaging of the protection of consumer, the base installation of the economy as the rail system. For examples, in the San Francisco Coffee House, the company have an agreement known as Franchise Agreement. The Franchise Agreement is specified as form of Licence of Agreement. This agreement is the factor of protect the operation of San Francisco Coffee House and the rights parties of the company. Particularly, this agreement is expert skilled of obtained to franchising and the intellectual of property right. This agreement is identify the intellectual of the franchisors property and other proprietary is going to protect by this licence. This agreement is also focus on the relationship between the parties of each other in a positive way and a expert constructive manner to them. Beside that, this agreement will also emphasize the need and requirement of the operation San Francisco Coffee House. The benefits to have an agreement are due to failure to protect their own property or business format and the most important is their profits as well is could take an legal action of that. By the way, once have abundant protections of the agreement, the company can benefit from the licence of their intellectual property as well and it is more easier to protect their property when it is registered and the most important can prove their ownership. Economic factor is a major impact of a firms behaviour and organization of outcomes. This is regarding to economy recession, economic growth from overall of the market as the demand of the products rise when the higher national economic growth, monetary policy as interest rates as the higher interest rates it will cause more to borrow it will deeper the investment, foreign exchanges rates as the rises of foreign currency will impact the exporting goods more difficult, tax changes and inflation as it will make the wages demand of the employee higher and the cost of selling price rises too. Economic factor is due to the purchasing power of consumer. Such as the economic is known as the mood of consumer confidence as well, as the economy downturn the consumer do not have the confidence to purchase any goods or services, it will impact the market and the enterprise organization. During a recession, many firms are slow down to react to the falling demand levels will drop. Futhermore, a fi rm making similar product may utilize a price cutting policy. This will demand to a response to all the firm otherwise they may lose the market share. For examples, San Francisco Coffee House which in Croatian, in the market of Croatian, a great variety of international product and services is increasing. In the market San Francisco Coffee House, the salary grows up obviously, therefore the consumer of demand will increased for higher quality of the world brand names as well. This is due to the in Croatian is widely not available and the economic growth. In Croatian, the young consumer is target of international brand while the older people is still looking for domestic brands. As analysis, the purchasing habits also changeable geographically. The San Francisco Coffee House is most owned by foreign country as recent years those acquisitions occurred to San Francisco Coffee House. Although they would be entrepreneurs of the capitalization options while characteristic of domestic mark et in Croatian is bankruptcy for those smaller entrepreneurs. This reason is due to they are struggled to collect the trade debt. The traditional arrangement problematic is made by the international ownership of local banks even though this kind of problem is common of domestic market. The benefit of economic factor in San Francisco Coffee House is a decision related to the choice, another good means a good few. Income and wealth is not infinite, because only so much time. Trade off for individuals, business and society. In addition, economic assumes that people act rationally and try to make action to get their own compared to  the costs associated with  the greatest  interest. Change  is often  rational  considerations,  rather than  making  the average marginal effect. Political factor is

Collapse of Civilizations Essay -- essays research papers

The factors that lead to the â€Å"collapse† of civilizations are almost directly related to those that created it. Archaeologists characterize collapse by a number of elements, some of which we have evidence for, others we do not. Most archaeologists are unsure of exactly what caused the decline of most civilizations in the ancient world, yet there are many clues to some of the events that could have contributed. The collapse of the ancient Roman Empire, the Mesoamerican Mayan, and the Egyptian cultures will be discussed in the following paragraphs, with a focus on the uniqueness of each.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Collapse† is in quotations because its definition when applied to civilizations is often debated. Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary states: 1: to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely: fall into a jumbled or flattened mass through the force of external pressure 2: to break down 3: to cave or fall in or give way 4: to suddenly lose force, significance, effectiveness, or worth 5: to break down in vital energy, stamina, or self-control through exhaustion or disease; especially: to fall helpless or unconscious 6: to fold down into a more compact shape Although this definition can vaguely describe the overall fall of most civilizations, the actual details are more finite. One such event would be an environmental change. Archaeologists use this as a reason for the decline of civilizations often because it fits so well into any situation. A terrifying earthquake, a change in flow of a vital river, and a volcanic eruption are examples of what could have happened to abruptly end a civilization. Another reason might be over use of natural resources. As civilizations grew, the need for more resources increased. They could not grow enough food to support the growing population, and as a result trade networks fell apart, people began to starve, and large epidemics spread. Also many of these civilizations based everything on ideology. They believe that their rulers were gods on earth, so when these devastating things started happening, they lost faith in their ruler. Building temples, making statues of their kings, redistributing their good s, and the following of rulers all ceased. The accumulation of all these factors resulted in decline.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For a long period of time, the Mayan civilization was assumed to ha... ...n 1163 B.C., Egypt entered a period of slow decline (Scarre 1997:116). Pharaohs became less powerful, and their prestige dwindled. Hungry soldiers were terrorizing the community, while tomb robbers were raiding the pyramids for resources that were very much needed. They had buried their pharaohs with food, goods and jewelry, all of which were needed to keep the civilization in tact. They had built too many pyramids, and there were setbacks in Asia which corrupted trade. People did not understand why the pharaohs could not fix the problems that were going on. They viewed them as gods and lost trust and faith. Egypt fell apart as these things culminated with loss of belief in the pharaohs. These three civilizations all had a decline that can not be totally explained. Each unique yet similar in different ways. Both the Egyptian and Mayan civilization seemed to have declined because of agricultural and ideological reasons, and all three had to do with a loss of power and trust in rulers. There are many factors that create a civilization or empire and make it powerful. The corruption and loss of these same factors is what leads to the decline of an otherwise successful civilization.

The Three Houses in The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

The Three Houses in The Great Gatsby      Ã‚  Ã‚   The houses of the three main characters in The Great Gatsby represent different characteristics of their dwellers.   Gatsby is a flashy and superficial man with a one track mind.   He lives next to Nick who is simple and observant.   Nick's half cousin is Daisy, who lives across the water from Nick and Gatsby.   She is superficial and cynical.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Daisy's house is a fairly large and elaborate Georgian Colonial mansion, located on East Egg.   She lives there with her husband Tom Buchannan.   The house is spacious, much like the Buchanna's marriage, but it has nice furniture and antiques so that it appears to be comfortable and quaint, and one would assume that a happy family lived it.   Tom and Daisy, like the house, aren't really happy, or in love, but they have all the right properties and conveniences to cover the real situation up.   Daisy didn't really want to marry Tom, and she new that at her wedding.   Now, her marriage is falling apart, especially because Tom is having an affair and Daisy knows it.   Neither of them really care about their child, and Daisy is completely s uperficial.   She always acts bored with life and like everything is a pain, she seems to do everything for show.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Directly across the water from Daisy is locater Gatsby's huge and ostentatious house.   Gatsby purposefully picked this spot because he centers his life around Daisy.   Everything he does is in an effort to impress her, get closer to her, or attract her attention.   He is very much in love with her and has been for a long time.   He'd do anything for her, but he doesn't really care about anyone else.   He just uses Nick as a tool to get to Daisy, and is kind of condescending with him.   He always calls him 'old sportà ¢Ã‹â€ .   From his house Gatsby can watch the green light on Daisy's dock.   He holds extravagant parties at his huge mansion, only hoping that Daisy might drop by.   He buys only the best of everything because he knows that's what Daisy

Was the religious schism during the sixteenth century symptomatic of political, social, and economic problems?

The religious schism took place in the 16th century, mainly between the Catholic Church and Protestants. During these times, many changes were brought forth to Europe during this schism. Although the religious schism brought forth an age of Reformation of the Catholic church, the religious schism started wars, revolts across Germany following the teachings of Luther, and the struggle for power between Catholicism and Protestantism. The religious schism began because of the making of Protestantism. The Catholic Church was corrupted in many ways, for example, the selling of indulgences, as Albrecht writes,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚  the contribution to the chest [church funds], of the rebuilding of the said church†¦. † (Doc1). Albrecht reveals the uses of the money made by indulgences, and it is the church’s funds. Martin Luther was one of the critics that criticized the corruption of the church and was excommunicated in his trial (The Diet of Worms) and he escaped to Germany. The idea of Protestantism quickly spread over Germany, as people began to be interested because his religion was simpler and was based on faith. Luther worked with authorities and brought upon reforms of the papacy and instructed all Christians to obey their rulers.However the radicals (the group of people that did not want the church and state together) began to interest German peasants with their ideas of social change. Since the 15th century, the peasant’s conditions have worsened and the failure of crops in 1523 and 1524, and nobles began to anger peasants requiring extra work and taking livestock. The peasants believed that Luther will be on their side, and in the beginning, he was. He was against the lords for robbing their own subjects. However, he did not want a rebellion, as Luther states, â€Å"†¦Remembering that nothing can be more poisonous, hurtful, or devilish than a rebel. †(Doc 3). When the rebellion broke out, Luther did not support the peasants. He stated that the bible had nothing to do with earthly justice. In the HRE, the church officials viewed the spread of Protestantism in Germany (which they viewed as heresy) was causing the rebellion to happen. As Michael Eisenhart is possibly a church official and views the rebellion as a part of Protestantism’s teaching. â€Å"†¦through certain citizens here who adhere to the heresy of Luther, it has come about that bad, false teaching has greatly got the upper hand.†(Doc 5)The church viewed this event as an event caused because of the teaching of a â€Å"heretic. † In the end, the nobles crushed the rebellion and killed about seventy five thousand peasants. This event strengthened the strength of nobles and Protestantism lost its appeal in the lower classes. However, Protestantism continued to spread to areas in Europe. Other types of churches were made that was similar to Lutherism but different in ways of their own. For example, the Calvinists believed that no matter what people do, God has already decided their fate.One of the churches of Protestantism is the Anglican church. It was made by King Henry VIII, after the pope refused annulment from his wife. In the Act of Supremacy, English Parliament in 1534, Parliament, influenced by the monarchy and declared, â€Å"†¦ that the king, our sovereign lord, his heir and successors, kings of this realm, shall be taken, accepted and reputed the only supreme head in earth of the Church of England, called Anglicans Ecclesia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Parliament agreed with the king and broke away from the church and admitted the king, King Henry VIII power over the church.He was able to gain wealth from the lands of the church he seized and took its riches. This help with the economy of England. The constant fighting and quarrels in Germany was because of Catholicism and Protestantism against each other. Protestantism Northern States were against the Catholicism Southern States. After years of fighting, the Peace of Augsburg was signed. The HRE declared that,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ the Holy Empire, will not make war on any estate of the empire on account of the Augsburg Confession and the doctrine, religion, and faith of the same.†The peace of Augsburg will last about 70 years before the Wars of Religion begins. However, this treaty, ended fighting in Germany and the Church admitted Protestantism as a religion, but the fighting will resume after the failure of the peace. Though the religious schism brought for an age of Reformation, it also brought an age of war and revolts against the nobles. Also, during this age, there was a power struggle between the Catholic Church and Protestants. It brought an age for power and intensifying atmosphere, as the two religions faced off in Europe.

Csr Activities of Hul

VIRAJ TAMHANE _____________________________________________________________________________________________ HINDUSTAN UNILEVER express Meeting Everyday Needs of stack Everywhere _____________________________________________________________________________________________ CORPORATE SOCIAL duty (CSR) unified Social Responsibility (CSR) in Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL) is rooted in its Corporate Purpose the belief that to succeed requires the highest standards of corporate behavior towards our employees, consumers and the societies and world in which we get.HULs CSR philosophy is embedded in its lading to altogether stakeholders consumers, employees, the environ custodyt and the society that the validation operates in. HUL believes that it is this commitment which result de ex flowr sustain commensurate, paying growth. HULs break CSR initiatives argon undertaken with a long-term view. Initiatives that are sustainable fork up long-term benefits and an ongoing trading endeavor linked to them is accorded priority tenseness.As early as in the 1950s, HUL focused on importing substitution when balance of payments was an issue. Since the 1980s, most of HULs investments slang been in designated backward areas and vigour-industry districts, spread industrialization. HUL has revived sick industries and has developed local entrepreneurship Furthering this rich tradition of contributing to the society, HUL is management on health hygiene study, women empowerment, and pissing management.In addition to these important platforms, HUL is alikewise involve in a number of lodge support activities, like providing audio-visual packages for basic bringing up in primary shoals, culture and replacement of special(prenominal) or unfortunate children, dish out for the destitute and HIV-positive, and clownish training. In experience of these initiatives, HUL authorized the prestigious TERI-CSR Special face for the year 2002-03 from The Energy and Re point of references Institute (TERI). As is well-known, TERI, which was established in 1974, is world famed for its commitment to and initiatives in every expression of sustainable development.Among HULs major CSR initiatives are declare oneself SHAKTI Changing Lives in Rural India drop Shakti is HULs awkward initiative, which targets low-pitched settlements with population of slight than 2000 lot or less. It seeks to empower underclass(prenominal) uncouth women by providing income- generating opportunities. declare oneself Shakti in like manner aims to improve the standard of living of the cracker-barrel community, by providing health and hygiene cultivation. In general, agrarian women in India are underprivileged and need a sustainable source of income. NGOs, g everywherenmental bodies and other institutions gather in been rails(a) to improve the status of rural women.Project Shakti is a pioneering effort in creating livelihoods for rural women, unioniz ed in Self-Help Groups (SHGs), and improve living standards in rural India. Project Shakti provides critically needed additional income to these women and their families, by equipping and learning them to bend an extended arm of the companys operation. Started in 2001, Project Shakti has already been extended to most 20000 settlements in 196 districts in 11 States Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan and Maharashtra.The respective state g everywherenments and several NGOs are actively involved in the initiative. Project Shakti already has about 6200 women entrepreneurs in its fold. A typical Shakti entrepreneur earns a sustainable income of about Rs. 1, 000 per month, which is double their average kinsperson income. Project Shakti is consequently creating opportunities for rural women to live in improved conditions and with dignity, while improving the all overall standard of living in their families. In addition, it involves health and hygiene computer programmes, which foster to improve the standard of living of the rural community.The expulsions ambit already covers about 15 million rural populations. Plans are as well organism drawn up to get refine in partners involved in agriculture, health, redress and education to catalyze overall rural development. HULs vision for Project Shakti is to scale it up across the country, covering speed of light,000 villages and touching the lives of 100 million rural consumers by 2005. LIFEBUOY SWASTHYA CHETANA health & Hygiene information Lifebuoy Swasthya Chetana is the single largest rural health and hygiene educational programme ever undertaken in India.Its neutral is to evolve people about basic healthy habits. It has been developed around the insight that people mistakenly believe visible cracking is reliable clean. The programme establishes the universe of invisible germs and the associated risk of infection. In India this is important, because diarrhea, caused by invisible germs, is the second largest cause of finale among children below the age of 5. The purpose lead patron reduce incidence of such diseases, by raising awareness of handicap hygienic practices. The campaign has been divided into mingled phases.In the initial phase, a Health exploitation Facilitator (HDF) and an assistant initiates contact and interacts with students and influencers of the community, like village community representatives, medical practitioners, school teachers and so on A number of likewisels like a pictorial story in a flip chart format, a Glo-germ manifestation, and a quiz with attractive prizes to reward the means are used. The Glo-Germ demonstration is a whimsical tool to realise undetected germs visible and empha coat the need to stick to hygienic practices. The first interaction with students is therefore replicated with the rest of the community.Subsequently, follow-up visits a nd communication are undertaken at periodic intervals which reinforce the message and learnings. Started in 2002, the programme has as of now covered about 15000 villages in 8 states Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra it has already moved(p) about 70 million people, leave hygiene education to over 25 million children. The vision of this on-going project is to make a billion Indians feel safe and secure by foc utilize on their health and hygiene needs.FAIR & LOVELY cosmos Economic Empowerment of Women The blank & pin-up Foundation is HULs initiative which aims at economical empowerment of women across India. It aims to chance upon this done providing information, resources, inputs and support in the areas of education, life history and effort. It specifically targets women from low- income groups in rural as well as urban India. seemly & Lovely, as a brand, stands on the economic renowned Indian women, from discordant notchs of life, as its advisors. Among them are educationists, NGO activists, physicians.The Foundation is implementing its activities in association with state regimens. In India, low-income families, albeit un pass oningly, tend to discriminate against girl children, in providing opportunities for education and enterprise, because of resource constraints. The support provided by bazar & Lovely Foundation leave alone help girl children avail opportunities of higher(prenominal) education and acquires skills in appropriate professions. Launched in 2003, Fair & Lovely Foundation seeks to impact the lives of women. This will be done done scholarships and enterprise initiatives.For vexationer guidance, it seeks to touch millions of aspiring women and students in an ongoing programme, currently covering trio states and all main metros in the country. green BARRENS peeing Conservation and Harvesting HULs pee Conservation and Harvesting project has devil major des igns a) to reduce weewee white plague in its own operations and domesticise sub- defacement pee tables at its own sites through and through the principles of 5R reduce, reuse, reprocess, recover and renew b) help nigh(a) villages to implement appropriate models of peeingshed development.Water scarcity is one of the biggest crises facing India in foothold of spread and severity. Water preservation and ingathering in HULs own operations will help conserve and regenerate this extraordinary resource. An attendant benefit will be reduction in the utilisation of push that would rent been spent in converting and using that water. The support to communities in developing watersheds will help in the economic development of areas adjacent to HUL sites. Water management is a focus area for all HUL factories. Water conservation has been made one of the key performance indicators of an HUL factory.Through a series of engineering innovations and novel processing routes HUL has redu ced its land water outlay by over 50%. HUL has too applied technologies that recycle effluent water after interference 70% of HUL sites are now zero discharge sites. there are galore( pipnominal) other measures Reverse Osmosis Plants and Solar vapour Ponds to name a few. A cooccurring benefit is saving in cleverness that otherwise would have been consumed in drawing, pumping or converting water into steam HULs energy consumption per unit of production has come down by 61% since 1996.Since 2003, all HUL sites have begun to harvest rain water. Rain water falling on factory exposit is accumulated in ponds, thereby variety sub-soil water tables. HUL is also committed to extending its efforts on water management to the larger community, and has employed in community projects in water adjacent to manufacturing sites. The Khamgaon soap factory is find in a dry and desiccate region of Maharashtra and gets limited rainfall. heptad years back the factory started a archetyp e on Watershed Management on a 5-hectare plot to prevent soil degradation and conserve water.The efforts have resulted in the creation of a green belt, which is the completely visible green patch in the area. The 5-hectare green belt is now a veritable forest of about 6300 trees, including over 1400 ornamental plants and over 600 fruit- bearing plants. There has also been a remarkable gain in the timbre of soil, and remarkable conservation of water. This has been documented in a booklet, color Barrens, so that industry, government bodies and communities adopt this widely.Encouraged by the results, HUL has extended the model to a neighboring village, Parkhed, in association with the TERI and the Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundation. The community at Parkhed has already constructed 37 check dams. to a greater extent than 20,000 saplings have been planted during the 2003 monsoon. For the first time, villagers were able to collect water and utilize it for irrigation post monsoon. T he initiative received appreciation at the Johannesburg World Summit on sustainable instruction.In association with an NGO, Vanrai, HULs Silvassa manufacturing hub (in the Union Territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli) too has embarked on a long-term project of water harvesting, which aims to dramatically change water availability, taking it up to year-round availability from 4 months at present. At Karchond village, close the Silvassa site, the community has built 18 bunds. Seven of them are on a river running through the village, and 11 pureer ones at different water run-off points. This has enabled the community to plant a second crop, thereby importantly increasing their incomes.Through an Integrated Village Development Programme, the projects ambit also includes alternate income-generating activities through SHGs, forestry management, education of children, nutrition. HULs vision is to continuously preface technologies to further reduce water consumption and further increase co nservation in its operations. Simultaneously, HUL sites will progressively help communities, wherever required, to develop watersheds. HAPPY HOMES Special Education & Rehabilitation Under the Happy Homes initiative, HUL supports special education and ehabilitation of children with challenge. ASHA DAAN The initiative began in 1976, when HUL back up Mother Teresa and the Missionaries of Charity to set up Asha Daan, a home in Mumbai for abandoned, challenged children, and the destitute. Subsequently, Asha Daan has also get down a home to the HIV- positive. The objective in supporting Asha Daan was and continues to be to section the originations prosperity in supporting the Mothers mission of serving the sillyest of the poor.Asha Daan has been set up on a 72,500-square feet plot belonging to HUL, in the feel of Mumbai city. HUL bears the capital and revenue expenses for maintenance, upkeep and value of the premises. The destitute and the HIV-positive are provided with food, ha rbor and medicinal drug for the last few days of their lives. The needs of the abandoned challenged children are also met through special classes of basic skills, physiotherapy and, if possible, tonic surgery. At any point of time, it takes address of over 300 infants, destitute men and women and HIV-positive patients.ANKUR In 1993, HULs Doom Dooma Plantation member set up Ankur, a meaning for special education of challenged children. The center takes attention of children with challenges, aged between 5 and 15 years. Ankur provides educational, vocational and recreational activities to over 35 children with a range of challenges, including sight or hearing impairment, polio related disabilities, rational palsy and severe learning difficulties. These physically and mentally challenged children are taught skills, such as cookery, painting, embroidery, bamboo crafts, weaving, stitching, etc. epending on their aptitudes. The center has rehabilitated 10 children, including self-e mployment for 6 children by providing them with shops, and 3 girls have been provided employment as creche attendants. It has also moved to normal schools 18 children. Since pedigree it has covered about 80 children. Ankur received the Lawrie Group World aware show for Social Progress in 1999 from HRH Princess proud in London. KAPPAGAM Encouraged by Ankurs advantage, Kappagam (shelter), the second center for special education of challenged children, was set up in 1998 on HUL Plantations in South India.It has 17 children. The focus of Kappagam is the same as that of Ankur. The center has 17 children, being taught self-help skills, useful vocational activities like making of paper covers, greeting cards, wrap up papers, fancy stationery, and napkins, b rooms made out of coconut tree leaves, candles, and also some home care products. About 12 of the children have become relatively self-reliant by earning through crafts learnt at the center. Since inception, it has covered about 2 8 children. ANBAGAMYet another day care center, Anbagam (shelter of love), has been started in 2003 also in the South India Plantations. It takes care of 11 children. too medical care and meals, they too are being taught skills such that they can become self-reliant and elementary studies. Over 20,000 individuals have benefitted from the Happy Homes initiatives since inception. HUL is wholeheartedly involved with all four centers and will continue to be involved in the future. Among HULs other significant CSR initiatives are YASHODADHAMHUL has reconstructed a village in the Bhachau Taluka of Gujarats Kachchh district. The village, which has been named Yashodadham, was dedicated to its 1100 residents in declination 2002. The residents belong to Nani Chirai village, which was completely wrecked by the devastating palpitate of January 2001. Yashodadham, spread over 25 acres, comprises 289 homes. HUL has also provided a school get uping, an exclusive playground for children and a multi-purpose community center, including a creche, health center, and community room and village administration office.All the structures are earthquake and cyclone-resistant. Space has been left all on the village for parks and public squares, where villagers afterward will plant trees. Each theater of operations is of 400 sq. ft. built-up area, with running water and electricity, in a 1600 sq. ft. plot. As desired by the villagers, the design and foundation of houses and the plot size is such that they have the scope to build extra rooms in the future. HUL has constructed both(prenominal) an underground reservoir and an overhead store for water.HUL, which had launched immediate relief after the quake in areas adjacent to its Kandla Exports factory, subsequently intractable to reconstruct a village, which was completely wrecked. The objective was to help a completely wrecked village, because such settlements had the greatest need for help. cardinal such villages were inspec ted, around Kandla factory, and Nani Chirai was chosen. VINDHYA VALLEY In 2002, the company took up a project in Madhya Pradesh, which will impact the inbuilt states rural population.The mainstay of Madhya Pradeshs economy is agriculture. triumphfulness thus means increasing the income of farmers and small town and village entrepreneurs engaged in agro-processing and cottage industries. This is where HUL is contributing its expertise. It has helped the state government create Vindhya Valley, an umbrella brand, and support software system for its merchandising, manufacturing and distribution. The state government has been substantially drop every year to finance small town and village entrepreneurs.But the lack of marketing skills and market access denied them the desired success and eventually resulted in most of these ventures meet unsustainable. The launch of Vindhya Valley, with support software from HUL, is serving overcome the impediment. It is a truly unique and sustaina ble form of livelihood generation. This has resulted as of now in the establishment of 20 small units, based in rural areas, providing direct engagement to about gram families involved in the production of spices, honey, papad, pickles, agarbatti etc.The success of Vindhya Valley has been recognized by various state governments. HUL has recently begun work with the Karnataka political sympathies in similar projects to improve the income and quality of life of rural communities. An umbrella brand, Stree Shakti, is being created for Self-Help Groups (SHGs). The initiative will generate higher sales and higher returns for the SHGs. In its business operations and in its principles and practices, Hindustan Lever thus straddles the Indian corporate world, single-mindedly identifying itself with Indian aspirations and needs in every walk of life.